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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what was the first attempted permanent settlement in Americas? | Roanoke (they all dissapeared) |
| motives for colonial settlers? | economic opportunities (finding gold- often sent by joint stock companies) + religious freedom from Anglican church |
| Virginia Company | joint stock company sending English settlers to establish colonies and challenge Spain's power + to seek gold |
| John Smith helped create order and stability for what colony? | Jamestown (once he left Native Americans tried to starve out the white settlers). |
| during the 1600/700s what was the south like? | relied heavily on tobacco (land was very important because it destroyed the soil), used indentured servitude |
| who were Puritans | wanted to purify the Church of England - Anglican/Protestant faith |
| who were the Pilgrims | - wanted to completely separate from church of england and were persecuted for it - many went to netherlands (dutchification) |
| pueblo revolt of 1610 | spain was trying to assimilate the pueblos to follow christianity, some pueblos blamed their misfortunes on spain and killed hundreds of them (pueblo success) |
| King Phillip's War / Metacom's War | King Phillip led native americans to attack English settlers but were shut down and anyone involved with phillips attacks were killed |
| Bacon's Rebellion : | - bacon opposed governor berkeley: rich land owner who gathered poor planters and freed indentured servants lacking rights, and attacked Native Americans - destroyed Jamestown |
| what caused the initial shift from indentured servitude to slavery in the late 1600s? | bacon's rebellion: showed that servants were strong enough to rebel + proved disadvantages of having to grant them rights after their time was up |
| what initially sparked conflict leading to french and indian wars? | - great britain wouldn't let colonists settle in ohio river valley to avoid conflicts with france and natives but they didn't listen - washington went to speak with france about them encroaching on our land - wars broke out and turned into 7 years war |
| albany congress | meeting during French and Indian wars, U.S formed alliance with the Iroquois to fight against France - Franklin's failed Albany Plan of Union (united colonies) |
| treaty of paris of 1763 | - Great Britain wins + France gives up land west of ohio river valley |
| proclamation of 1763 + explain | - britain won f+i wars, Pontiac leads Natives to attack whites - Britain sees this war contuing on so decides colonists now can't settle west beyond appalachian mountains to avoid tensions |
| salutary neglect | britain became too preocuppied wth f + i wars that they were ignoring the colonists more, allowing them to have more autonomy and self governance (until britain started taxing them to get out of war debt) |
| dominion of new england | new england created it to unite the colonies under their crown, and enforce Navigation Acts regulating trade |
| glorious revolution | - led to collapse of dominion of new england - overthew the King which limited the power of the monarchy and showed colonies starting to act |
| how founded Massachusetts Bay Colony and who led it? | founded by Puritans in 1629, led by Winthrop (city on a hill). - left for religious freedom but had no toleration for other religions (ruled with Iron Fist) |
| Roger Williams and many others who wanted more freedom from _____ in the _____ colony, moved to _______. | - puritans in the Massachusetts Bay Colony - Rhode Island |
| mid 1600s - late 1600s (1662*) what is the role of religion and the church in colonial america? what caused this role to change again? | - more focused on economic issues as growing pop. leads to migrating farmers far from church - halfway covenant: granted half-way membership in church (attempt to bring ppl more involved) - CHANGED back to focus on church bc fear of salem witches |
| first great awakening (1740s - 1750s) ? how did it lead to the American Independence? | - preachers were speaking outside of the church, preaching on more personal relationships with God - united people, grew idea of governing under God, made ppl question slavery AMERICAN ID FORMED -common history |
| how did the relationship between britain x natives and france x natives differ? | britain was more of a threat as they were settling on native land, while France was living among them and mainly just trading fur |
| what affects did the movement of African slaves from the old to new world have? | - cash crops were brought and began booming in colonies: tobacco and rice - trade ports developed in New England coonies |
| which 2 colonies were part of chesapeake region | virginia and maryland (refuge for catholics) |
| what were the chesapeake regions known for? | - developed tobacco (soil butchery) - planter aristocracy - house of burgesses |
| house of burgesses | first elected legislative assembly that took first step away from Britain's monarchy and gave colonists more of a voice in gov't (only white property owners could vote tho - planter aristocracy) |
| what were new england colonies known for? | - ports, lumber - theocracy/bible based gov't |
| what were the middle colonies known for? | - pennsylvania quakers - ppl seeking religious freedom - breadbasket (grain, wheat), farming, trade - ethnically diverse |
| stono african slave revolt?? | largest slave rebellion in south carolina |
| what were the southern colonies known for | warm climate, fertile land |
| when does salutary neglect end? | once the french and indian war ends |
| what were some policies Britain enforced on the colonies after f+i war? | - navigation acts (required goods/trade to be thru Britain only) - sugar act (sugar coming in was taxed) - stamp act (internal and affected all) |
| boston massacre | colonists were taunting british soldiers and were shot (growing tension between colonists and Britain) |
| tea act of 1773 | - tea was most valuable commodity - BEIC was struggling so made their tea cheaper so colonists would only buy from them (its the principle) - monopoly - taking away colonies' autonomy |
| coersive/intolerable acts | shut down boston ports and their assembly (after boston tea party) as punishment |
| 1st continental congress | met after boston tea party and decided: - petition to Great Britain asking to stop and return to salutary neglect - wanted to boycott - form militia for defense - rejected Galloway plan: create colonial legislature to work with British parliament |
| 2nd continental congress | - fighting has already begun in lexington and concord - they start making military preparations and debate why they are fighting this war: do they want independence or reconciliation? |
| articles of confederation | - central gov't under this couldn't tax, couldn't raise army, regulate trade - states had all the power |
| galloway plan | goal was to address the lack of presentation that Great Britain had over the colonies \ |
| conciliatory propositions sent by Britain? | Britain claimed that they'd be willing to return to how things were before the f+i war but news didn't reach colonies in time and battles already started |
| which piece of literature convinced colonies to create their own gov't, fight for Republicanism + full independence | Common Sense |
| shay's rebellion of 1786 | - state of massacussetts is imposing harsh taxes on farmers leading to farm revolt - showed weakness of articles of confederation |
| constitutional convention of 1787 | - completely scraped articles of confederation |
| what was the critical period of 1783-1788 | - colonists just gained independence so need to prove they can stay self-reliant |
| electoral college | how we elect a president, each state having different number of representatives (hamilton thought common man could not be trusted to pick president) |
| 3/5th compromise | slaves party counted as population, south liked this because it boosted their population |
| federalists | - wealthier, more educated - supported ratification of constitution - hamiltons, madison, jay created federalist papers (checks + balances) |
| anti-feds | - poorer, less educated - felt constitution went against what they fought for in rev. - wanted more state power, less federal |
| washington becomes president and ratifies/accepts constitution in _____ | 1788 (majority of gov't are federalists at this time) |
| hamiltons views | - secretary of treasury - federalist favoringwealthy, thought they could be trusted more and could invest in American econom - wanted to combine debt instead of separate state debt in order to pay it off and show countries that we are independent |
| differing views on French Rev. between Federalists + Democratic Republicans | - at first both support bc was similar to american rev. - federalists stopped supported after reign of terror while dem. repubs. kept supporting France |
| proclamation of neutrality of 1793 | washinton wants to stay neutral in french rev., avoiding french alliance knowing we're too weak for a european war - britain feared that revolution ideas would spread to them |
| janet affair | representative from french gov't tries to convince washington to support french rev. (u.s is getting pressed by both france and britain) |
| jay's affair | washington finally sides with Britain after they offer to pay for damages on our shis (makes no promises to stop future siezures) - france is pissed |
| pickney treaty | created boundary between us and spanish florida |
| after washington, ______ was left to deal with France and the result of jay's treaty during wars | John Adams |
| xyz affair | french secret agents bribing the u.s to join and help france during french rev. |
| alien and sedition acts of 1798 | - U.S could deport and imprison citizens - prohibited talk against gov't (democratic reps. would hate this since federalist majority) |
| virginia and kentucky resolutions | - in responce to alien + sedition acts - compact theory: states were united but had sovereignty and ability to say no to the acts if they wanted to |
| who did the Federalist era end with and how did it happen? | Adam's Treaty of Mortfontaine: discussing peace with France, didn't reach U.S in time so he lost next election to Jefferson |
| under Jefferson's presidency, the Louisiana Purchase would not have been possible without what? | Without Adam's Treaty of Mortefontaine, creating peace with France |
| why is Jefferson's win called the Revolution of 1800? | - end of Federalist era - Dem. Republicans are now in power - 1st peaceful transition of power between political parties |
| Hamilton was involved in Jefferson's victory in election against who? | - after electoral votes tie, house of reps/ Hamilton chose Jefferson over Burr even though Hamilton is a federalist |
| under Jefferson's presidency, what was the biggest land aquisition without warfare? | louisiana purchase + port of new orleans - by doing this jefferson has to take on looser interpretation of costitution |
| what were the 3 acts that Jefferson passed as a result of Britain returning to siezing our ships and the continuation of French Rev. / Napoleonic Wars? | 1. Embargo Act of 1807: ending all trade 2. Non-Intercourse Act: only ended trade with Britain + France 3. Macon's Bill: only ended trade with those who wouldn't support our neutrality |
| what was the War of 1812 and what caused it? what was its affect on the U.S? | - U.S goes to war with Britain after they refuse to stop siezing our ships - created war heroes, nationalism |
| era of good feelings | - monroe is now president - ends with panic of 1818 - feds are gone its peaceful with just dem. reps. |
| missouri compromise of 1820 | admitted missouri as slave state and main as free state |
| what was the corrupt bargain? what separation did it cause? | - John Quincy Adams promised Clay position as secretary of state if he helped Adams win election over Jackson - rise of mass politics - formed Jacksonian Republicans and National Republicans |
| market revolution (1820s) | - factories, textiles, production growth in North - Irish/German immigrants (Nativists/Anti-Foreignism) - canals and soon railroads emerge |
| lowell system | - during market rev in mid 1800s - recruited young girls to work and live in factory until being replaced by immigrant workers - factories were competing for lower wages |
| compromise of 1850 | california wanted to enter as free state despite missouri compromise rules |
| uncle toms cabin was inspired by the compromise of 1850 because ____ | the compromise led to stricter fugitive slave laws which opened people's eyes to the horrors of slavery |
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