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Earth structures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mineral | a natural usaually inorganic soild that has a chartsitic chemical comistion and an ordenly interanl struture . |
| element | a subtance that cannot be seperated or broken down into simpler subtances by chemical means. have the same. |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms or ions of two or more differnt elements joined by chemical bonds. |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| crystal | natural soild substance that has a definite geometric shape. |
| streak | The color of a mineral in powdered form. |
| luster | The way in which a mineral reflects light. |
| clevage | in geology, the tendency of a mineral to spilt along specifc planes of weakness to form smooth , flat surfaces |
| weathering | The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks. |
| erosin | The process by which wind, water , ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another. |
| depositon | the process in which material is laid down . (earth science) the change of state from a gas directly to a soild. (physical science) |
| igneous rock | rock that forms with magma cools and soildifies. |
| sedimentary rock | a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
| metamorphic rock | a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure , or chemical processees. |
| rock cycle | the series of proceses in which rock forms , changes from one type to another , is destroyed, and forms again by geologic processes. |
| uplift | the rising of regions of the earth`s crust to higher elevations. |
| subsidence | the sinking of regions of the earths crust lower elevations. |
| rift zone | an area of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other. |
| crust | The thin and soild outermost layer of earth above the mantle. |
| mantle | the layer of the rock betwen the earths crust and core |
| convection | the movement of matter due to differences in density; the tranfer of energy due to the movement of matter. |
| core | the central part of earth below the mantle. |
| lithosphere | the soild layer of earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle. |
| asthenosphere | the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move. |
| mesosphere | the strong lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer the layer of the atmosphere. |
| pangaea | the supercontient that formed 300 million years ago and that began to break up 200 millon years ago. |
| sea-floor spreading | the process by which new oceanic lithosphere ( sea floor) forms when magma rises to earth`s surface at mid-ocean ridges and soildfies , as older, existing sea floor moves away from the ridge. |
| plate tectoincs | the theroy that explains how large pieces of the lithosphere called plates, move and change shape. |
| tectonic plates | a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle. |
| convergent boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are coliding. |
| divergent boundary | the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. |
| transform boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally . |
| deformation | the bending, titiling , and breaking earth`s crust; the change in the shape of rock in reponse to stress. |
| folding | the bending of the rock layers due to stress . |
| fault | a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another. |
| shear stress | stress that occurs when forces act in parallel but opposite direction , pushing parts of a soild in opposite directions. |
| tension | stress that occurs when forces act to strech an object. |
| compression | stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object. |
| earthquake | a movement of trembing ofthe ground that is casued by a sudden realse of energy when rocks along a fault move. |
| focus | the location within earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthqauke occurs. |
| epicenter | the point on earth`s surface directly above an earthqauke`s starting point , or focus. |
| tectonic plate boundary | the edge betwwen two or more plates classified as divergent , convergent , or transform by the movement taking place between the plates. |
| elastic rebound | the sudden return of elastilcally deformed rock to its underfored shape. |
| volcano | a vent or fissure in earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled. |
| magma | the molten or partially moteln rock material containing trapped gases produced under the eart's surface. |
| lava | magma that floes onto earth's surface; the rock that forms when lava cools and soildfies. |
| vent | an opening at the surface of the earth through which volcanic material passes. |
| hot-spot | a volcanically active area of earth's surface, commonly far from tectoinc plate boundary. |
Created by:
briana jean baptise