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study guide science

nn

QuestionAnswer
Troposphere Closest to Earth; where weather happens (clouds, rain); airplanes fly in lower part.
Stratosphere Contains the ozone layer; commercial jets sometimes cruise near its lower region; temperature increases with altitude here.
Mesosphere Meteors burn up here; temperatures decrease with altitude.
Thermosphere Auroras occur; very thin air; temperature increases with altitude; satellites begin to orbit in upper parts.
Exosphere Outermost layer; very sparse gas; satellites orbit here.
Evaporation Liquid water becomes water vapor. This process absorbs energy (heat from the Sun).
Transpiration Water released from plants into the air; also absorbs energy (driven by heat for evaporation from leaves).
Condensation Water vapor cools and forms droplets (clouds). Condensation releases energy into the atmosphere (latent heat).
Precipitation Droplets fall as rain/snow due to gravity — this is driven by gravity. Surface runoff and infiltration/percolation — Water moves across or into the ground; largely driven by gravity.
Sublimation Solid (ice/snow) becomes water vapor, absorbs energy.
Warm surface currents: Warm the air above them. Tend to make the coastal climate warmer and more humid (can make climates warm and wet or warm and dry depending on local conditions).
Cold surface currents: Cool the air above them. Tend to make coastal climates cooler and often drier (can create cooler and dry conditions, sometimes stable air and fog
Barometer (measures air pressure): Falling pressure often means stormy or unsettled weather is approaching. Rising pressure suggests calming/sunnier weather. Example: If pressure falls steadily through the afternoon, forecast likely: stormy or bad weather.
Relative humidity High humidity (close to 100%) indicates air is nearly saturated — fog, dew, or precipitation likely.
Meteorologist duties Collect and analyze data, use technology and observations to make weather predictions (choose answers about collecting/analyzing data and using technology and global patterns).
Cold front A cold air mass runs into a warm air mass; cold air pushes under the warm air, forcing it up — often triggers thunderstorms and abrupt temperature drops.
Warm front A warm air mass runs into a cold air mass; warm air rises over cooler air and brings gradual cloudiness and steady precipitation; temperature usually rises after it passes.
Stationary front: Neither air mass can move the other significantly; weather near a stationary front can remain cloudy and wet for days.
Occluded front: A warm air mass is caught between two colder air masses (a faster cold front overtakes a warm front), often producing complex weather.
Convection current Warm air rises and cool air sinks — the pattern where warm air rises from the ground and cooler air moves in to replace it.
Sea breeze (day) Land heats more quickly, warm air rises over land; cooler air over the ocean moves toward land — breeze from sea to land.
Land breeze (night): Land cools faster at night, air flows from land to sea.
Tornado Violently spinning columns of air
Tsunami Large wave from underwater earthquake
Landslide Large scale erosion caused by gravity
Hurricane Large storms of rotating clouds with high winds over water
Volcanic eruption When magma violently breaks through Earth’s crust
Tropical region warm, near equator)
Temperate region seasons)
Polar region (cold)
Thunderstorms More likely to increase in intensity as temperatures rise. (Choose “increase”.)
Hurricanes Likely to produce heavier rain events and more dangerous/stronger winds (choose “heavier” and “more dangerous”).
Created by: user-1970520
 

 



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