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Chapter 3 med term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bones | The framework of the body and attachment for muscles, protection for vital organs |
| Bone marrow | located in the medullary cavity of the bone |
| Cartilage | Smooth and rubbery material that acts as a shock absorber |
| Joints (articulations) | The union between two bones, usually located at the end of two bones |
| Ligaments | Bands of fibrous tissue that connects 2 bones, usually at the sight of a joint (union) |
| Synovial | Forms the lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid. Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible. |
| Bursa | A sac like structure that provides a cushion between two structures and prevents friction |
| Ankyl/o | crooked, bent, stiff |
| arthr/o | joint |
| chondr/o, chondr/a | cartilage |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | skull |
| kyph/o | bent, hump |
| Lord/o | curve, swayback, bent |
| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow |
| oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o | bone |
| scoli/o | curved, bent |
| spondyl/o | vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone |
| synovi/o | synovial membrane, synovial fluid |
| -desis | to bind, tie together |
| -lysis | loosening, setting free |
| -um | singular noun ending |
| Osteoclasts | break down old or damaged bone |
| Osteoblasts | help rebuild the bone |
| What is produced in the red bone marrow? | Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, thrombocytes |
| What is the function of yellow bone marrow? | Stores fat |
| Fibrous joints | consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together |
| Cartilaginous joints | allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage |
| Synovial joints | where 2 bones articulate to permit a variety of motions |
| Ball and socket joints | allow a wide range of movement in many directions (hip and shoulder) |
| Hinge joints | synovial joints that allow movement primarily in 1 direction or plane |
| Synovial capsule | outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue, sleeve around joint |
| Ligaments | bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting |
| Bursa | fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction |
| Chiropractor | Specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from the misalignment of the spine |
| Orthopedic surgeon | physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles. |
| osteopath | uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation. |
| podiatrist | specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot |
| rheumatologist | physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders that are characterized by inflammation in the joints and connective tissue |
| Path/o | disease |
| -ology | study of |
| Ankylosis | The loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure |
| Arthrosclerosis | stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly |
| Bursitis | an inflammation of a bursa |
| Hemarthrosis | blood within a joint, due to a joint injury |
| Kyphosis | an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side |
| osis | abnormal condition |
| Lordosis | an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine |
| Scoliosis | an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| por | small opening |
| Osteoporosis | a severe decrease in bone density due to the bone becoming more porous (increase with aging, post menopausal women, need calcium) |
| Osteopenia | a small decrease in bone density (precursor - warning there is a higher risk of developing osteoporosis) |
| penia | deficiency |
| Radiograph (x-ray) | the use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities |
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints |
| Bone density testing | used to determine losses or changes in bone density |
| Orthotic | mechanical appliance that is specially designed to control, collect, or compensate for impaired limb function (brace or splint) |
| Prothesis | a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated |
| arthrodesis | the surgical fusion of two bone to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder |
| Arthrolysis | the surgical loosening of an ankylosis joint |
| Arthroscopic surgery | a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint |
| Chondroplasty | the surgical repair of damaged cartilage |
| plasty | surgical repair |
| Synovectomy | the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint |
| ectomy | surgical removal |
| Arthroplasty | the surgical repair of a damaged joint |
| BDT | bone density testing |
| Fx | fracture |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| RA | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Emergency medical technician (EMT) | responds to 911 calls, assesses, stabilizes, and transports patients to the hospital, provide emergency treatment. |
| Paramedic | an EMT with additional training, authorized to provide advanced pre-hospital treatment such as in-depth patient assessment |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae |
| Fibrous dysplasia | bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces fibrous tissue |
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or less with symptoms of stiffness, pain, joints swelling, skin rashes |
| Osteonecrosis | the death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply |
| Osteoclasis | the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity |
| osteoporotic hip Fx | caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as a result of a fall |
| paget's disease | bone disease of unknown cause, excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked |
| rickets | deficiency disease occurring in children, defective bone growth, results from vitamin D deficiency |
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