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Chapter 5 Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | change over time |
| Gene | a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait |
| Mutation | a change in DNA |
| Genetic Drift | biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| Natural Selection | the process by which traits that improve an organisms chances for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to offspring than those who do not |
| Fitness | the degree to which an organism can reproduce successfully in its environment |
| Adaptation | a heritable trait that increases the likelihood of an individual's survival and reproduction |
| Artificial Selection | a human- controlled process to produce individuals with certain traits |
| Speciation | the process by which new species are generated |
| Extinction | the disappearance of a species from earth |
| niche | organisms habitat, resource use, and fundamental role in a community |
| Tolerance | The ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions |
| Resource Partitioning | A process that allows different species to share common resources |
| Predation | The process by which individuals of one species (the predators) hunt, capture, and feed on individuals of another species (the prey) + - |
| Coevolution | The process by which two species evolve in response to change in each other |
| Parasitism | A relationship between two organisms from different species in which one organism (the parasite) depends on the other (the host) for nourishment or some other benefit + - |
| Symbiosis | A long term and physical close relationship between two organisms from different species in which at least one organism benefits |
| Herbivory | the act of feeding on a plant + - |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two organisms from different species in which both organisms benefit + + |
| Commensalism | A relationship between two organisms from different species in which one benefits and the other is unaffected + 0 |
| Competition | |
| Primary Producer | an organism that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which primary producers you sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars releasing oxygen |
| Chemosynthesis | The process by which bacteria use energy stored in the bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| Consumer | an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients |
| Cellular respiration | The process by which organisms use oxygen to release a chemical energy of sugars producing carbon dioxide and water |
| Herbivore | an organism that eats plants |
| Carnivore | an animal that kills and eats other animals |
| Omnivore | an animal that eats both plants and animals |
| Detritivore | an organism that scavenges the waste products or dead bodies of other community members |
| Decomposer | an organism that breaks down nonliving matter into simple part that can be taken up and refused by primary producers |
| Trophic Level | A rank in a feeding hierachy |
| Biomass | The total amount of living tissue in a trophic level |
| Food Chain | A linear series of feeding relationships |
| Food Web | A diagram of feeding relationships and energy flow showing the past by which nutrients and energy pass from organism to organism has one consumes another |
| Keystone Species | A species that has a stronger wide ranging impact on a community |
Created by:
tyasia8