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AC Units1-3
Midterm Vocab Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid-base indicator | a substance that changes color when exposed to either an acid or a base |
| pH | a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7 |
| Hydrogen ion | released by acids |
| Dissociate | process by which compounds separate into smaller particles in water |
| Hydroxide ion | released by bases |
| Valence electrons | the electrons of an atom that are located in the outermost energy level and are involved in chemical reactions |
| Ion | an atom of molecule that has a charge |
| Octet rule | atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons so they have an outer shell configuration of eight electrons |
| Hydrate | a compound that has water bound to it |
| Anhydrate | a compound that does not have water bonded to it |
| Mole | a number of things |
| Molar mass | the mass of one mole of a substance |
| Percent composition | the mass of each element in a compound expressed as a percent (part/whole x100) |
| Cation | a positive ion |
| Anion | a negative ion |
| Precipitate | an insoluble salt that is formed when two solutions are mixed together |
| Ionic compound | a compound that is composed of positive and negative ions |
| Double-replacement reaction | a reaction in which two ions in two different compounds exchange places |
| Soluble | substance that dissolves in a liquid |
| Insoluble | substance that will not dissolve in a liquid |
| solvent | a substance present in a larger amount in a solution. |
| colloid | a mixture that contains particles that aren't dissolved but small enough to remain suspended. |
| suspension | a heterogenous mixture where the particles will settle out over time |
| uniformity | how consistent a material is throughout |
| elasticity | the property of a material to return to its normal size or shape after a force has been applied to it |
| malleability | the property of a material to be able to be hammered into various shapes without breaking |
| composite | a solid heterogeneous mixture that makes use of the properties of each component |
| metal | an element that has the properties of conductivity, malleability, and ductility. Metal elements lose electrons to form positive ions. |
| nonmetal | an element that does not have the properties of conductivity, malleability, and ductility. They tend to form negative ions. |
| luster | shininess |
| conductivity | the property of transmitting heat and electricity within a substance |
| ductility | the ability to be pulled out into a wire |
| reactivity | a property that describes how readily a substance will react with other substances |
| metalloid | an element that has some properties of metals and some of nonmetals |
| alloy | a homogenous mixture of metals |
| polymer | a substance that is a macromolecule (large molecule) made of many similar small molecules (monomers) bonded together in long chains. |
| polymerization | a chemical reaction that converts monomers into polymers |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms with an overall positive or negative charge |
| electron | a subatomic particle (particle in an atom) that is outside the nucleus, has a charge of -1, and a VERY SMALL mass |
| flame test | an experimental test that identifies a metal from its characteristic flame color |
| nucleus | the very dense (and positive) core of an atom that contains the subatomic particles (particles smaller than an atom) of protons and neutrons. |
| Element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| Physical property | a property of matter that can be measured without changing the identify of the substance |
| Chemical property | the property of which chemical reactions a substance will or won’t do |
| Atom | the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element |
| Subatomic particles | the three kinds of particles that make up atoms (protons, neutrons, and electrons) |
| Electron | the negatively charged subatomic particles of an atom |
| Nucleus | the very small dense region in the center of an atom that contains all the positive charge and most of the mass |
| Proton | the positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Wavelength | the distance from crest to crest of one complete wave |
| Ion | atoms that have lost or gained electrons |
| Electron configuration | the arrangement of the electrons of an atom in its different energy sublevels |
| Excited state | an electron of an atom that has absorbed enough energy to be raised to a higher energy level |
| Ground state | the lowest energy level that an electron of an atom can occupy |
| Period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| Chemical group | a column of elements in the periodic table that have similar electron configurations and properties |
| Noble gas | a family of elements in group 18 of the periodic table that are all gases and not chemical reactive |
| Valence electrons | the electrons in the outermost energy levels of an atom |
| Octet rule | atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons so that they have an outer shell configuration of 8 electrons |
| Ionic bond | the attraction between oppositely charged ions where one atom has lost electrons and the other has gained electrons |
| Covalent bond | a bond produced by sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms |
| Isotope | atoms of the same element that have different masses due to different numbers of neutrons |
| radioactive decay | an atom that has an unstable nucleus and will decay to get a more stable nucleus. The three types are beta, alpha, and positron. |
| Fusion | nuclei of lighter atoms combine to form an atom with greater mass and release a large amount of energy |
| Fission | the process of breaking apart nuclei into smaller nuclei with the release of a large amount of energy |
| Half-life | the length of time it takes for half of any quantity of a given radioactive isotope to decay |
| Coulomb electrostatic force | the force that repels or attracts charged objects |
| Strong nuclear force | the attractive force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
| Neutron | particle in the nucleus of the atom with a mass of 1u and no electric charge |
| Atomic mass | the mass of an atom, which is the number of protons plus neutrons |
| Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, this identifies the element |
| Ionization energy | the energy needed to remove an outer electron from an atom |
| Acid-base indicator | a substance that changes color when exposed to either an acid or a base |
| pH | a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7 |
| Hydrogen ion | released by acids |
| Dissociate | process by which compounds separate into smaller particles in water |
| Hydroxide ion | released by bases |
| Valence electrons | the electrons of an atom that are located in the outermost energy level and are involved in chemical reactions |
| Ion | an atom of molecule that has a charge |
| Octet rule | atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons so they have an outer shell configuration of eight electrons |
| Hydrate | a compound that has water bound to it |
| Anhydrate | a compound that does not have water bonded to it |
| Mole | a number of things |
| Molar mass | the mass of one mole of a substance |
| Percent composition | the mass of each element in a compound expressed as a percent (part/whole x100) |
| Cation | a positive ion |
| Anion | a negative ion |
| Precipitate | an insoluble salt that is formed when two solutions are mixed together |
| Ionic compound | a compound that is composed of positive and negative ions |
| Double-replacement reaction | a reaction in which two ions in two different compounds exchange places |
| Soluble | substance that dissolves in a liquid |
| Insoluble | substance that will not dissolve in a liquid |
Created by:
mharms