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Topic 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| caravel | a small, fast ship that had a large cargo hold and three masts with lateen sails |
| chartered company | a corporation formed by specialized permission from a sovereign, often to colonize a region or handle imports/exports from a specific colony |
| cash cropgal | a crop that is grown for sale rather than for personal use |
| capitalism | an economic and political system where a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners, rather than the state |
| conquistador | a leader in the Spanish conquest of the Americas |
| Columbian Exchange | the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres as a result of exploration |
| colony | a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control |
| circumnavigate | to travel all around |
| galleon | Spanish trading ship larger and heavier than a caravel |
| creole | a person of European descent born in Latin America and living there permanently |
| encomienda | a labor system of the Spanish in the Americas which said Spanish landowners had the right to use Native Americans as laborers |
| joint-stock company | a business where a share of ownership in the company is bought and owned by shareholders |
| mestizo | a person of mixed European and Native American descent |
| maritime | seafaring or oceangoing, relating to the sea or ocean |
| mulatto | a person of mixed African and European descent |
| mercantilism | economic theory that said the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver |
| peninsulare | a person born on the Iberian Peninsula who temporarily lived in Latin America for political or economic gain and then returned to Europe |
| Middle Passage | the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas |
| mita | a labor system used by the Spanish in Peru to draft indigenous people to work |
| triangular trade | trade network connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
| plantation | a large agricultural estate |
| evangelization | the act of converting people to Christianity |
| Spain and Portugal | European countries that took the lead in Exploration in the 1400s |
| new routes to Asia, "Gold, glory, God" | main motivations for Europeans to explore in the 1400s |
| Christopher Columbus | explorer who reached the Americas after sailing west from Spain and permanently connected the two hemispheres |
| Vasco da Gama | first European explorer to reach India |
| Ferdinand Magellan | sailed around the tip of South America and his crew eventually circumnavigated the globe |
| Bartolomeu Dias | first European to sail to the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip fo Africa) |
| Spain, Portugal, France, England, the Netherlands | countries that claimed land in the Americas |
| domestic animals, disease, wheat, sugar | products brought to the Americas from Afro-Eurasia |
| potato, corn, tobacco, cacao bean | products brought to Afro-Eurasia from the Americas |
| Hernan Cortes | conquistador who conquered the Aztec |
| Francisco Pizarro | conquistador who conquered the Inca |
| missions, churches, schools, hospitals | things the Catholic Church built in the Americas |
| sugar plantations | where the majority of African slaves worked in the Americas |
| Marco Polo | Italian traveler whose journeys to China inspired others to explore |
| Brazil and the Caribbean | where the majority of African slaves were brought to in the Americas |
| silver | metal mined by the Spanish in the Americas which became the first global currency |
| British East India Company and Dutch VOC | examples of joint-stock companies |
Created by:
Mrs. Marquardt