The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.

Second Agricultural Revolution

1750s: tools and equipment were modified, methods of soil preparation, fertilization, crop care, and harvesting improved the general organization of agriculture made more efficient

1960s: Agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation.

a substance for killing plants, especially weeds

A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops.

farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

growing large quantities of crops or livestock in order to sell them for a profit

The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans

genetic modification of an animal such that it is rendered more amenable to human control

deliberately planted and tended by humans that is genetically distinct from its wild ancestors as a result of selective breeding.

The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation

the process which was used to end some traditional rights, such as mowing meadows for hay, or grazing livestock on land which is owned by another person

genetically modified organisms

crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

The region from which innovative ideas originate

seeds that have been engineered to be stronger and more productive. They will produce more crops peer seed, need less water, and can survive in warmer climates

In agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.

An area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where wheat, oat, rye, barley, olives originated.

"Middle America" where squash, peppers, maize, tomatoes and potatoes originated.

Africa south of the Sahara where yams, coffee, and sorghum originated.

North Central Asia region where rice and soybeans originated.

Where mango, bananas and coconut originated.

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil

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Chapter 12

Term	Definition
Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.
Second Agricultural Revolution	1750s: tools and equipment were modified, methods of soil preparation, fertilization, crop care, and harvesting improved the general organization of agriculture made more efficient
Green Revolution	1960s: Agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation.
herbicide	a substance for killing plants, especially weeds
pesticide	A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops.
subsistence farming	farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced
commercial farming	growing large quantities of crops or livestock in order to sell them for a profit
Columbian Exchange	The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans
animal domestication	genetic modification of an animal such that it is rendered more amenable to human control
plant domestication	deliberately planted and tended by humans that is genetically distinct from its wild ancestors as a result of selective breeding.
selective breeding	The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation
Enclosure Laws	the process which was used to end some traditional rights, such as mowing meadows for hay, or grazing livestock on land which is owned by another person
genetically modified organisms	crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods
Hearth	The region from which innovative ideas originate
high-yield seeds	seeds that have been engineered to be stronger and more productive. They will produce more crops peer seed, need less water, and can survive in warmer climates
Mechanization	In agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.
Mesopotamia	An area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where wheat, oat, rye, barley, olives originated.
Mesoamerica	"Middle America" where squash, peppers, maize, tomatoes and potatoes originated.
Sub-Saharan Africa	Africa south of the Sahara where yams, coffee, and sorghum originated.
East Asia	North Central Asia region where rice and soybeans originated.
Southeast Asia	Where mango, bananas and coconut originated.
crop rotation	The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil

Created by: 100109276

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