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BCH USMLE Rx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Factors affecting melting temperature of dna (ie. temp needed to seperate 2 strands) | Type of bonds (GC bond is stronger so needs higher melting temp vs AT bonds) ; DNA Length (shorter dna is easier to melt vs longer dna) |
| Amino acids needed for purine synthesis | Aspartate ,Glycine ,Glutamine |
| Amino acids for pyrimidine synthesis | Aspartate |
| Functions of 1’ carbon; 2’ carbon; 3’ carbon; 5’ carbon | 1’ (attach to nitrogenous base); 2’ (OH, O - ribose; H - deoxyribose); 3’ (attach to OH, the 3’ OH makes PDE bond that forms DNA backbone, hence useful for DNA elongation); 5’ (attach to phosphate) |
| Deficiency of ornithine transcarbamylase | Inc carbamoyl phosphate - Inc orotate - Dec elimination of ammonia - hyperammonemia - tremors, asterixis, somnolence, slurred speech, protocol acid in blood and urine |
| Orotic aciduria | Failure to thrive, developmental delay , megaloblastic anemia |
| RiBose -5-P + ATP + PRPP synthase = | PRPP + AMP |
| PRPP + hypoxanthine = | IMP , simultaneously losing 2 phosphates |
| methylene THF donates a methyl group to dUMP to form | dTMP because methylation of uracil = thymine |
| Effect of adding folate (ie. folinic acid) to 5-FU and MTX, TMP | increases potency of 5-FU; decreases side effects of folate deficiency from MTX in humans and TMP in bacteria |
| Hydroxyurea uses | Dec DNA synthesis by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase; Inc HbF in SCA, thus dec frequency of suckling |
| Leflunomide | Ann to-inflammatory; RA , psoriatic arthritis |
| Mycophenolate | Prevent organ transplant rejection |
| Ribavirin | Influenza , Hep C |
| Mutation in essential thrombocythemia | JAK-2, CAL-R, or MPL |
| IMP | Intermediate ribonucleoside monophosphate |
| SCID (bubble boy disease) inheritance patterns | Due to ADA deficiency= AR; due to defective IL- 2 receptor gamma chain= X-linked; Features = failure to thrive, chronic diarrhoea, recurrent infections, absent thymic shadow; screening-pcr; prophylactic A/Bs, IVIg, BM transplant |
| Xanthine oxidase | Metabolizes normal purines; also metabolizes drugs that mimic purines eg. 6-MP |
| HGPRT is an essential enzyme in the purine salvage pathway that salvage what? | Hypoxanthine and Guanine |
| Without HGPRT, all purines are converted to | Uric acid |
| If the salvage purine pathway is inhibited, the denovo purine synthesis pathway will | Compensate by increasing the de novo pathway. |
| De novo purine pathway uses folate and B12, therefore excessive increase in this pathway will cause | Folate and B12 deficiency |
| How do wobble-codons code for same t-RNA/amino acid |
Created by:
Crescentt