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PNS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Function of PNS | Sensory input & output |
| PNS | Sensory receptors - get information (stimulus) Peripheral nerves - brings into brain (CNS) or out Motor endings - response or muscles, or endocrine |
| Different types of receptors (Stimulus Types) | Mechanoreceptors: touch, pressure, itch, stretch, vibration Thermoceptors - Heat , Photoreceptors: Light, Chemoreceptors: Chemicals -> taste, smell, blood sugar, Nociceptors: Pain |
| Different types of receptors (Location) | Exteroreceptors: Outside (skin) - mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors, Interorecptors: inside (all), Proprioreceptors: Muscles and joints, location and stretch |
| Different types of receptors (Complexity) | Complexity: many layers (touch) vs Simple which is free/open nerve ending (dendrites) |
| Sensation vs perception | Sensation is the raw detection of stimuli (light, sound, touch) by sensory organs, a physical process; perception is the brain's subsequent organization, interpretation, and conscious experience of that sensory input, a psychological process |
| Magnitude estimation | Intensity |
| Spatial estimation | Where on the body |
| Feature abstraction | Language, touch, connotations |
| Quality discrimination | Subtypes = color, taste, smell |
| Pattern recongition | Reading or voices |
| Adaptation | Change or sensitivity in presence of constant stimulus, phasic (fast receptors so touch or smell), tonic (receptor that does not adapt - pain) |
| ANS - autonomic | Involuntary |
| Parasympathetic | Rest and Digest - maintenance, when person relaxes, reading after a meal |
| Sympathetic | Fight, Flight, Freeze = danger and external or physical exercise to get rid of. |
| Referred Pain | Pain stimulus arising in visceral and felt on out side of somatic |
| Tone | Sympathetic - controls blood pressure Parasympathetic - dominates heart and smooth muscles of digestive and urinary tract |
| Controls ANS | Hypothalamus = regulates, Subconscious cerebral input =(conscious), Limbic = emotion |
| Development | During youth, ANS impairments due to injury (TBI)+ In Old age, ANS efficiency declines: body temp, eye, constipations |
| Reflex | An unconscious response in order to protect |
| Classifications | Inborn or intrinsic: blinking & Learned (acquired): catching a ball. |
| Parts of a reflex arc | 1. Receptor (nociceptors), 2. sensory neuron, 3. integration center (spinal cord or brain, 4. motor neuron, 5. effector |
| A Spinal/cranial: | Spinal cord and brainstem |
| A Stretch | Associated with muscles, bounce back without tearing during flexion and extension |
| A Golgi tendon | Prevent tearing, overstretching, damage |
| A Flexor | Withdrawal reflex |
| A Crossed extensor | Balance reflex, until walking, shifting, spinal cord |
| A Plantar | Curling toes when walking |
| A knee jerk | Patellar tendon, moving backwards |
| I Moro-startle | Pull out, pull in cry |
| I Sucking | Rooting, if face is touched, find food |
| I Stepping | Will move feet if placed on solid ground |
| I Grasp | Palm -> close fingers |
| I Parachute | Baby sandwich and flip arms out and scream |
| I Swimming | Throwing baby in water, can propel itself for about 20 seconds |
| I Babinski | Toes flared out |
Created by:
nuhaSalim