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ISS Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| State of Nature | A philosophical concept depicting hypothetical ideals of life before organized society and government. |
| Social Contract | A philosophical idea where individuals implicitly or explicitly agree to give up certain freedoms to obey an authority in exchange for protection of rights. |
| Public Policy | The laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions governments implement to address societal problems, meet public needs, and achieve goals. |
| Rule of Law | The principle that all people and institutions, including the government, are held accountable to the laws, meaning that nobody is above the law. The ability to make people do something |
| Power | The ability to make people do something |
| Authority | The right to use power; power that is seen as justified |
| Legitimacy | The belief by the people that the government has the right to rule. |
| Sovereignty | Supreme power or authority over a territory, free from external control. |
| Thomas Hobbes' opinion on a state of nature | Nasty, brutish, selfish, and immoral |
| John Locke's opinion on a state of nature | Immoral, invasion of people’s property and rights. (Right to life, liberty, and property) |
| Jean-Jaques Rousseau's opinion on a state of nature | Free and moral; society “chains” the people |
| Adam Smith's 3 key roles of the state | Public works and institutions; public schools, roads, police and fire stations, etc. Strong national defense; military Administration of justice; carrying out laws |
| The Constitutional Convention | Philadelphia met between May and September of 1787 to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation. |
| Federalism | Creating a stronger national government while maintaining state powers, resolving the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. |
| Electoral college | a compromise that secured enough support from the diverse interests at the convention to ensure the Constitution’s ratification. |
| The Great Compromise (New Jersey plan - Virginia plan) | an agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention that created a BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE. It resolved the dispute between large and small states over representation, ensuring equal representation for every state. |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | agreement for representation in the House and direct taxation, the enslaved pop. of a state would be counted as 3/5 of total. Was necessary to break deadlock between south wanting to count to increase political power and North wanting to exclude. |
| Federalist | in support of the Constitution and advocated for a stronger national government to ensure unity and stability |
| Anti-federalist | opposed the Constitution and feared a powerful central government would become tyrannical. |
| Significance of the Preamble | Form a more perfect union Establish justice Insure domestic tranquility Provide for the common defense Promote the general welfare Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity |
| Article 1 | LEGISLATIVE BRANCH |
| Article 2 | EXECUTIVE BRANCH |
| Article 3 | JUDICIAL BRANCH |
| Article 4 | HOW STATES WORKING |
| Article 5 | AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION |
| Article 6 | ALL PEOPLE ARE BOUND TO THE LAWS |
| Article 7 | 9 STATES REQUIRED TO RATIFY |
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