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Bowel Elimination
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Defecation | The process of bowel elimination. |
| Alimentary canal | GI Tract |
| Flatus | Produces GAS. "Passing gas" |
| Constipation | Hard stools that are difficult to pass. |
| Infant bowel consistency | 3-6 Bowel movements daily. |
| Children voluntary control | Children voluntary control of elimination between ages 2-3 years after their neuromuscular structures are developed. |
| Peristalsis | Muscle contractions that move food, liquids, and waste through the GI tract. Decreases as the individual ages. (More prone to constipation) |
| NURSE GOAL of elimination care.. | To maintain the patients normal frequency pattern of bowel elimination. or as close as possible. MAKE SURE PATIENT HAS A BOWEL MOVEMENT EVERY 3 DAYS (At least). |
| Urge to defecate | 30-1hr after eating |
| Characteristics of stool | Color Shape Consistency Odor Frequency |
| Normal stool characteristics | Vary depending on diet, amount of fiber intake, and fluid intake, exercising, medications, and other habits. |
| GI tract disease occur | When a disease is occurring in the GI tract the changes in the characteristics of stool may provide clues as to the medical diagnoses. (Main reason why bowel assessments are important) |
| Normal Stool | Soft, formed, light yellowish - brown to dark brown, slightly curved shape. Sometimes can be red or green depending on dietary intake. Iron supplements normally causes a dark brown or black color in stool. |
| Small amount of bright red blood in stool indicates.. | Hemorrhoid |
| Larger amount of bright red blood indicates.. | Bleeding or hemorrhage from colon. |
| Large amount of maroon colored blood indicates.. | Bleeding from small intestines. |
| Stool that is black and tarry with foul odor indicates.. | Bleeding from the stomach (Blood has been partially digested) |
| Melena | Black, tarry appearance. |
| Documentation | Should always include every shift. Color Consistency Unusual shape Unusual odor |
| Focused Assessment consists of.. | Abdominal assess.. Assessing the shape (round or flat) Ausculate the bowel sounds using the diaphragm of the stethoscope. Listen to all 4 quadrants (No sound from bowel is bad!) ASSESS ONCE PER SHIFT |
| Normal bowel sounds | Soft gurgles, irregular clicks between 5-30 per minute |
| Hypoactive bowel sounds | fewer than 5 clicks means, constipation. |
| Hyperactive bowel sounds | More than 30 clicks per minute or continuous, diarrhea. |
| Borborygmi | High pitched and tinkling in one quadrant and absent or decreased in the lower left quadrant. Indicates hunger or bowel obstruction. |
| Fiber intake | 25-35g per day for normal bowel. |
| Water intake | 1500-2400 mL in adults per day for regular bowel. |
| Types of fibers that are important | Whole grains Fruits Vegetables (Processed foods have little to no fiber) |
| Enemas | The installation of a solution into the colon via the rectum to relieve the problem. |
| Water temp for enemas.. | 105-110 F If water is too cold it can cause abdominal cramps. |
| Kayexalate enema | Pulls potassium from the body's tissues and binds with it. |
| Tubing insert | 3-4 inches to an adult |
| Position for enema | Semi prone or Left lateral side lying position (sims) |
| Vagal response | Stimulating the vagus nerve. The vagal innervates not only the GI tract but also the heart and bronchioles. This can drop heart rate as low as 30-40 bpm when vagus is stimulated. |
Created by:
Sarabowden1