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Biology Chapter 8

Cell division vocabulary

TermDefinition
Chromosome One of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein
Histone Protein found in chromosomes
Chromatid One of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis
Centromere Holds the two sister chromatids together
Chromatin DNA strands that are loosely coiled
Sex Chromosome Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism
Autosome Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Homologous Chromosome Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes that pair during meiosis
Karyotype Display of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs
Diploid Cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes
Haploid One set of unpaired chromosomes
Binary Fission Single-celled organisms divide into two cells identical to the parent cell
Mitosis Process of cell division in eukaryotes where each daughter cell is identical to the parent cell
Meiosis Process of cell division in eukaryotes where each daughter cell receives half the number of chromosomes which result in sex cells
Gamete Haploid reproductive cell (egg or sperm)
Interphase Period between cell division where the cell grows and DNA is copied
Cytokinesis Division of cytoplasm
Prophase Stage of mitosis and meiosis where chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nucleus disappears
Spindle Fiber Mictrotubules that assist in the movement of chromosomes
Metaphase Phase of mitosis and meiosis where chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
Anaphase Phase of mitosis and meiosis where chromosomes seperate
Telophase Phase of mitosis and meiosis where the nucleus forms around the chromosomes
Cell Plate Start of a new cell wall during cell division when one cell splits in two
Created by: ELange
 

 



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