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FOR 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| state standards | academic guidelines defining what students are expected to learn at each grade level |
| state standards | provide consistency, guide instruction, and support accountability |
| aligning instruction with state standards is | the first thing teachers should do when planning lessons |
| backward planning involves | starting with the standards, identifying desired outcomes, and designing assessments and activities with these goals |
| why is standards-aligned instruction important? | standards ensure that instruction is focused, measurable, and consistent; using backward design ensures that all activities and assessments are purposeful and aligned; addressing all components of reading promotes well-rounded literacy |
| standards | broad, overarching goals set by state or national education organizations that outline what students should know and be able to do by the end of a grade level or course |
| objectives | specific, measurable, outcomes that teachers set for individual lessons or units. Breaks down the standard into smaller, actionable steps |
| breaking down standards into clear objectives helps teachers | design targets instruction and assessments |
| key principles of standards-based reading instruction | alignment with reading standards, differentiated instruction, and using assessments to inform instruction |
| flexible grouping | grouping students by skill level, learning style, or interest to provide targeted instruction |
| pacing and intensity | adjusting the speed and depth of instruction based on student readiness. |
| modifying resources | using leveled texts, visuals, and scaffolds to meet individual needs |
| formative assessments | how a teacher monitor student progress through activities like exit tickets, running records, and quick comprehension checks |
| how to manage and organize instruction | establish routines for small group and independent activities, provide explicit instructions and clear expectations, use technology or learning stations to engage students during differentiated instruction |
| homogeneous grouping | involves placing students with similar abilities and skill levels together (commonly used when targeting specific skills such as fluency practice in reading, phonics, or math interventions) |
| heterogeneous grouping | mixes students of varying abilities, backgrounds, or skill levels in the same group (collaborative learning, problem-solving, or discusison-based activities) |
| MTSS | Multi-Tiered Systems of Support is a tiered instructional model that provides a framework for delivering evidence-based reading interventions that meet student's diverse needs |
| components of tiered instructional models | shared responsibility and decision making, evidence-based interventions, and progress monitoring |
| Tier 1 | universal instruction for ALL students |
| Tier 2 | targeted small group instruction for SOME students (small groups, targeted practice of phonics or vocabulary) |
| Tier 3 | intensive individual instruction for a FEW students (one-on-one tutoring, using specialized programs such as Orton-Gillingham) |
| a balanced literacy approach _____________ | integrates a variety of texts, genres, and instructional strategies to foster comprehensive literacy skills |
| literary texts include: | stories, poetry, and drama to develop imagination, empathy, and understanding of human experiences |
| informational texts include: | articles, essays, and reports to build knowledge, critical thinking, and understanding of the world |
| strategies for text selection | integrate texts across content areas (use various genres in SS, Science, and math) AND balance shorter and extended texts (combine short stories, articles, and exerts with novels and in-depth reports to build stamina and comprehension) |
| a BEST practice | pairing primary sources with literature or secondary sources |
| using folktales from different cultures or historical speeches with contemporary essays is___ | diversity in texts and helps students broaden their understanding of the world |
| close reading involves ____ | examining a text deeply to uncover layers of meaning. This also helps students develop the ability to read and analyze increasingly complex texts with efficacy (self-confidence) |
| components of close reading | text-dependent questions (guides students to focus on key ideas), annotation (students highlight key points), rereading for levels of meaning, collaborative conversations (discussions) |
| example of close reading | 1st read: focus on comprehension; 2nd read: analyze text structure, word choice, and the author's purpose; 3rd read: compare the text to other works |
| strategies to motivation and engagement | create a positive reading environment (classroom libraries, reading nooks), promote independent reading (choice in reading materials, reading logs and goals), connect reading to real-life interests (authentic texts, book clubs, lit circles) |
| strategies to build self-confidence and self-efficacy | set attainable goals, celebrate success, scaffold support (provide appropriate levels of support during challenging tasks) |
| strategies to involve families in reading | at-home reading activities and family literacy events |
| foster intrinsic motivation to _____ | develop a student's INTERNAL desire to learn and succeed is more effective than offering extrinsic rewards (stickers and prizes) |
| cultivate intrinsic motivation by | providing engaging, meaningful texts and encouraging self-reflection on student's progress and growth as readers |
| instructional TECHNOLOGIES to support reading | digital reading platforms (Raz-kids), interactive reading applications (Storybird), audiobooks and text-to-speech tools, gamified literacy tools (Freckle), interactive displays and E-Readers (Kindles, Ipads) |
| strategies to promote lifelong readers | model enthusiasm, author studies, student recommendations |
| Even though technology can enhance student motivation and support, remember that it is a tool and cannot replace a ____ | highly qualified teacher |
| teachers provide _____________ | critical guidance, feedback, and relational support that technology alone cannot replicate |