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Chapter 1

TermDefinition
Exceptional Learners 1. Those who require special education services to reach their full potential. 2. Many individuals with disabilities require special education, while some do not.
Special Education 1. Specifically designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student, such as special materials, techniques, and equipment and/or facilities. 2. Placement in environments closest to the general education classroom in format.
CEC The Council for Exceptional Children. A large professional organization for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in special education.
IDEA Disabilities Education Act. A primary federal law towards special education.
NCLB No Child Left Behind Act. An attempt under the George W. Bush admin, to improve academic success for all students (including those with disabilities).
ADA 1. Americans with Disabilities Act. Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in communications (telecommunications), transportation, public accommodations, state and local government, and employment. 2. It protects civil rights.
Hydrocephalus An accumulation of fluid around the brain that can cause mental or physical disabilities if not corrected.
ESSA Elementary and Secondary Education. It succeeded NCLB, under the Obama admin in 2015. It consist of statewide assessments to all students, including alternate assessment of only 1% for those with severe disabilities.
IDEIA Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. (IDEA reauthorized again in 2004).
FAPE Free Appropriate Public Education. Every student with a disability has access to public education at no cost to the parents/guardians.
LRE 1. Least Restrictive Environment. 2. The student is educated with the least restrictive environment consistent with their educational needs and, insofar as possible, with students without disabilities.
IEP 1. Individualized Education Program. 2. A written individualized education program prepared for each student with a disability (including their long term goals, services, extent of participation in gen ed. classroom, etc.).
PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Those with disabilities are to gain equal access to education.
Deinstitutionalization 1. Breaking down barriers for those with disabilities in activities with nonhandicapped individuals. 2. Deinstitutionalization movement in the 20th century.
Normalization 1. "Means which are as culturally normative as possible, in order to establish and/or maintain personal behaviors, and characteristics which are culturally normative as possible". 2. Normalization breaks barriers for those with disabilities.
Inclusion A variety of special service delivery options be available for those with disabilities in the classroom.
TBI Traumatic Brain Injury.
Prevalence The percentage of a population or number of individuals having a particular exceptionality.
Disability The inability to do something (an impairment).
Handicap A disadvantage imposed on the individual.
CDC 1. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2. "Learn the Signs, Act Early," encouraging early testing of developmental disabilities.
Created by: Emmaleeg
 

 



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