Central Nervous System (CNS)

The control center of the body made up of the brain and spinal cord.

The main control organ that processes information, controls movement, and manages thinking, memory, and emotions.

A long bundle of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body and carries messages back and forth.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to the body.

A network of nerves that sends signals from the spinal cord to the shoulders, arms, and hands.

A nerve that runs along the arm and controls the pinky and ring fingers (the “funny bone” nerve).

A nerve that controls movement and sensation in the back of the arm and hand.

A nerve that controls thumb movement and feeling in part of the hand.

The largest nerve in the body; runs from the lower back down the legs.

Controls vision and visual processing.

Controls balance, coordination, and fine motor movement.

Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions like breathing and heartbeat.

Controls decision making, personality, emotions, and voluntary movement.

Handles hearing, memory, and language.

Processes touch, temperature, pain, and spatial awareness.

Responsible for understanding spoken and written language.

Responsible for speech production.

Receives and processes sensory information (touch, temperature, pain).

Controls voluntary muscle movement.

The raised ridges on the brain’s surface.

The grooves or folds between the gyri.

Controls emotions like fear and aggression.

Maintains body balance (temperature, hunger, thirst) and controls hormones.

Controls emotions, behavior, and memory.

Connects the left and right sides of the brain.

Produces melatonin and controls sleep cycles.

The “master gland” that controls other hormone glands.

Relays sensory information to the correct parts of the brain.

Helps control breathing and sleep.

Controls heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.

Controls eye movement and processes visual and auditory information.

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brain definitions

Term	Definition
Central Nervous System (CNS)	The control center of the body made up of the brain and spinal cord.
Brain	The main control organ that processes information, controls movement, and manages thinking, memory, and emotions.
Spinal Cord	A long bundle of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body and carries messages back and forth.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)	All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to the body.
Brachial Plexus	A network of nerves that sends signals from the spinal cord to the shoulders, arms, and hands.
Ulnar Nerve	A nerve that runs along the arm and controls the pinky and ring fingers (the “funny bone” nerve).
Radial Nerve	A nerve that controls movement and sensation in the back of the arm and hand.
Median Nerve	A nerve that controls thumb movement and feeling in part of the hand.
Sciatic Nerve	The largest nerve in the body; runs from the lower back down the legs.
Occipital Lobe	Controls vision and visual processing.
Cerebellum	Controls balance, coordination, and fine motor movement.
Brain Stem	Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions like breathing and heartbeat.
Frontal Lobe	Controls decision making, personality, emotions, and voluntary movement.
Temporal Lobe	Handles hearing, memory, and language.
Parietal Lobe	Processes touch, temperature, pain, and spatial awareness.
Wernicke’s Area	Responsible for understanding spoken and written language.
Broca’s Area	Responsible for speech production.
Sensory Cortex	Receives and processes sensory information (touch, temperature, pain).
Motor Cortex	Controls voluntary muscle movement.
Gyrus / Gyri	The raised ridges on the brain’s surface.
Sulcus / Sulci	The grooves or folds between the gyri.
Amygdala	Controls emotions like fear and aggression.
Hypothalamus	Maintains body balance (temperature, hunger, thirst) and controls hormones.
Olfactory Bulbs	Process smell.
Limbic System	Controls emotions, behavior, and memory.
Hippocampus	Forms and stores new memories.
Corpus Callosum	Connects the left and right sides of the brain.
Pineal Gland	Produces melatonin and controls sleep cycles.
Pituitary Gland	The “master gland” that controls other hormone glands.
Thalamus	Relays sensory information to the correct parts of the brain.
Pons	Helps control breathing and sleep.
Medulla Oblongata	Controls heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
Midbrain	Controls eye movement and processes visual and auditory information.

Created by: user-1898031

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