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midterm

TermDefinition
Note Taking writing things down
Cornell Notes type of notes
Scientific Method consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
Elements/Steps/Aspects (~7 or 8 of them) consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
Hypothesis educated guess
Law a descriptive statement, often mathematical
Theory a well-substantiated, comprehensive explanation
Variable (Independent, Dependent, Control, Constant) any factor, trait, or condition that can change or be different in an experiment
Data Taking the systematic process of gathering raw facts, measurements, and observations
Qualitative Data quality
Quantitative Data Quantity
Accuracy how close a measurement is to the true, accepted, or actual value of what's being measured
Precision the consistency and reproducibility of repeated measurements
Observation see things
Inference guess with info
Experimental Error do something wrong I experiment
Bias making an opinion
Measuring like a tape measure
Length ruler
Mass Amount of matter in an object
Weight Force of gravity on an object
Volume L * W * H
Conversions with SI Units (Metric System) numbers
Scientific Notation expresses numbers as a coefficient (a number ≥ 1 and < 10) multiplied by a power of 10
Matter anything that has mass & takes up space
Physical Property can be observed without changing the substance Examples–color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point can be observed without changing the substance Examples–color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point can be observed without
Density Mass ÷ Volume
Triple Beam Balance Thing you measure mass with
Archimedes' principle and water displacement water gets moved around
Viscosity the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
Malleability / Ductility Ability to be hammered or pressed into thin sheets/ Ability to be drawn/stretched into thin wires
Conductivity (Thermal / Electrical) How well a material conducts heat/How well a material conducts electricity
Solubility Ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance
Chemical Property can be observed without changing the substance Examples–color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point
Reactivity Describes how a substance changes when interacting with other substances
Flammability Measure of a substance's ability to catch fire
Toxicity The degree to which a chemical substance is harmful to living organisms.
Acidity and Basicity A substance's ability to donate or accept protons (H⁺ ions), often measured by pH.
Corrosivity The tendency of a chemical to destroy other materials, such as metals or tissues, through chemical reactions
Physical Change change in the size, shape, or state of matter
Chemical Change change from one substance to another
Bose-Einstein Condensate/Solid/Liquid/Gas/Plasma Atoms clump together - no longer act as individuals
Endothermic/Exothermic Reaction Endo(in), Exo(out)
Phase Changes changes in a phase
Melting/Freezing water freezes in cold and melts in warm
Vaporization (Boiling, Evaporation)/Condensation disappears
Sublimation/Deposition eroading materials
Matter takes up space
Atoms simplest cell
Molcule small in atom
Element number
Compound A compound is formed by a chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio, creating a new substance with different properties
Mixture mixture is a physical combination of substances where each component keeps its original properties and can be in variable proportions, separated by physical means
Solution A solution is a uniform mixture of a solute (substance being dissolved) and a solvent (substance doing the dissolving)
Solvent A solution is a uniform mixture of a solute (substance being dissolved) and a solvent (substance doing the dissolving)
Solute A solution is a uniform mixture of a solute (substance being dissolved) and a solvent (substance doing the dissolving)
Homogeneous denoting a process involving substances in the same phase
Tyndall Effect - Colloid/Suspension denoting a process involving substances in the same phase
Heterogeneous
Suspension diff phase change
Temperature heat
SI Units and Conversions
Absolute Zero lowest temp possible
Heat temp/ hot/ cold
Specific Heat Capacity certian heat something can take in
How to Transfer Heat heat goes threw
Conduction makes heat
Convection gives heat
Radiation microwave
Insulator like stiro-foam
Conductor metal
Subatomic Particles small particals
Proton positive
Neutron neutral
Electron negative
Parts of an Atom like the nucleus
Nucleus main part in atom
Electron Cloud around atom
Energy Level level of energy
Valence Electron the electrons in an atom's outermost shell
Atomic Number number of atoms
Mass Number number of mass
Atomic Mass mass of an atom
Isotope atoms of the same element
Ion an atom or molecule
Periodic Table chart
Period horizontal
Group (Family) vertical
Metal reactive
Nonmetal non reactive metal
Metalloid a chemical element with properties between metals and nonmetals
Alkali Metal most reactive
Alkaline-Earth Metal most reactive
Transition Metal easy metal
Halogen on p table
Noble Gas / Inert Gas unreative
Law of Conservation of mass mass of all substances before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after the change
Chemical Equation \(2H_{2}+O_{2}\rightarrow 2H_{2}O\)
Reactant the new substance or result formed from a chemical reaction or biological process
Product the new substance or result formed from a chemical reaction or biological process
Coefficient a numerical factor that quantifies a relationship
Subscript is a small number written below and to the right of a chemical symbol
Type of Reaction Chemical reactions are categorized into several main types
Synthesis the process of combining simpler components, substances, or ideas to form a new, more complex whole
Created by: user-2014961
 

 



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