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Stack #4603836
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pueblo | Indian Tribe of southwest; focused on maize (corn) cultivation |
| Chinook | Indian tribe of northwest; sedentary; hunting; fishing; foraging |
| Sioux | Indian confederation of Great Basin and Great Plains; migratory due to lack of resources; chased buffalo |
| Iroquois | Indian tribe of northeast; cultivated crops and migratory |
| mestizo | mix of Indian and European |
| zambo | mix of Indian and African |
| Columbian Exchange | exchange of animals, plants, cultures, populations, diseases, etc. between Europe and the Americas after 1492 |
| joint stock company | company in which different amounts (stakes) can be bought of a company; you receive profits in relation to your stake |
| sextant | instrument used to measure latitude |
| Juan de Sepulveda | Spanish humanist that claimed Indians were natural slaves in Valladolid debate; Indians were "as children to parents, as women to men" as thus inferior |
| Bartolome de las Casas | Spanish humanist that claimed Indians were created in God's image, and thus should not be enslaved; he said "All the peoples of the world are men and thus possess natural rights, including the right to liberty." |
| Valladolid debate | debate over the treatment of Indians between Sepulveda and las Casas in the early 1500s |
| Pueblo Revolt | example of how Indians strove to maintain independence in face of European subjugation; led by Pope, it was revolt against Spanish and the Catholicism they brought |
| Atlantic World | The interactions among the peoples and empires bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Started during Age of Exploration. |
| Secotan | An Algonquin village in present-day North Carolina circa 1585 |
| Encomienda system | New World Spanish explorers, conquistadores, and military men were rewarded with land and Native American labor. |
| Asiento system | As Natives died from disease and brutality, the Spanish began to bring enslaved people from West Africa to the New World; forerunner of Triangular Trade |
| Hopi | southwestern tribe characterized by matrilineal gender structure |
| Potosi | silver mines in South America mined for Spanish by native labor |
| context | The setting or circumstances surrounding an event that allows you to understand the event better |
| Three Sisters | Native American system of growing corn, beans, and squash together |
| capitalism | economic system based on private business, ownership of property, and the open exchange of goods between property holders |
| comparison | examining similarities and differences |
| causation | examining causes and effects |
| change over time | examining changes and what remains relatively the same |
| encomienda system | Spanish labor system in which landlord was permitted to exploit labor of Indians of his encomienda; led to abuse/killing off of Indians and switch to African slaves |
| Samuel de Champlain | made 11 voyages to Americas for France; established Quebec in 1608 on St. Lawrence River |
| Henry Hudson | Englishman who explored present-day NYC area in 1609 for the Dutch (Hudson River) |
| New Amsterdam | Dutch colony on Manhattan Island founded in 1626; later became New York when British took over |
| Virginia Company | English joint stock company chartered to colonize North America between 34th and 45th parallels |
| House of Burgesses | 1st legislative body in the colonies (Virginia) |
| Head-right system | system in which colonists received 50 acres of land for each person whose passage to Virginia he financed |
| Act of Toleration of 1649 | granted freedom of worship to all Christians in Maryland (but not Jews); example of early religious toleration |
| Chesapeake region | area around Chesapeake Bay, including colonies of Virginia and Maryland; along with North Carolina, it grew prosperous exporting tobacco |
| Plymouth | New England colony founded by Puritans (Separatists) seeking freedom from religious persecution in England |
| William Penn | Quaker founder of Pennsylvania who was tolerant of Indians and other faiths (including Jews) |
| coureurs de bois | French fur traders who often exploited Indians in Americas |
| Jesuits | Catholic missionaries in Americas; often followed French and Spanish settlers |
| Quebec | first permanent French settlement in North America |
| Massachusetts Bay | New England colony founded by Puritans |
| John Winthrop | delivered "A Model of Christian Charity" (1630) in which he described New England as a "city on a hill" |
| John Rolfe | he helped save Jamestown by importing tobacco into the colony |
| John Smith | took leadership role in Jamestown and ultimately helped it become the first permanent English settlement |
| indentured servitude | labor system in which a landowner paid for the Atlantic passage of the servant, who in turn paid off the debt with years of service |
| Quakers | religious group that established Pennsylvania (Society of Friends) |
| mercantilism | economic system in which the purpose was to enrich the mother country by creating a favorable balance of trade that would increase supply of bullion (gold/silver) |
| Navigation Acts | mercantilist laws that regulated colonial trade and were first passed in 1650 |
| Old South | society that was created by massive influx of slaves in early 1700s |
| Stono Rebellion | most violent slave revolt in history of 13 colonies (1739); slaves rebelled in South Carolina and tried to get to Florida |
| Triangular trade | part of mercantilist system; manufactured goods to Africa, slaves to Americas, raw materials to Europe |
| "backcountry" | term for area about 100 miles from coast; people generally clannish, violent, and prone to alcoholism |
| Great Awakening | emotional religious revival during the 1730s and 1740s amongst ALL colonies |
| Jonathan Edwards | his "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" started the Great Awakening |
| George Whitefield | credited with spreading the ideas of the Great Awakening in colonies |
| African chattel | slavery in which the slave is the personal property of the slaveowner and can be sold and traded |
| Anglicization | the process of adopting English culture in the American colonies |
| salutary neglect | British policy of not always enforcing Navigation Acts from late 1650s to 1754 |
| Bacon's Rebellion | revolt amongst backcountry farmers in Virginia against wealthy elites on coast |
| Iroquois | they allied with the British for trade and because they believed Brits would stop colonial expansion west |
| Metacom's War | conflict over English expansion into New England |
| Pueblo Revolt | Native-American revolt against Spanish in southwest in 1680 |
| Quakers | hey founded Pennsylvania and influenced it with their tolerance |
| Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition Law | said no new slaves could be imported into the colony and all newborns would be born free |
| Charleston | largest slave port in colonial America |
| Fort Mose | settlement of freed slaves in Spanish Florida |
| maroon | former slave who had escaped |
| Gullah | "slave" language that combined English and native African languages |
| Roger Williams | founder of Rhode Island |
| Ben Franklin | example of Enlightened American thinker; spread English through printing |
| popular sovereignty | Enlightened political idea that said power is derived from the consent of the people |
| Albany Plan of Union | plan for colonial union developed by Ben Franklin in 1754 to coordinate colonial defense against the French; not adopted |
| salutary neglect | British policy of exercising little direct control over colonies and allowing Navigation Acts to go unenforced |
| Pontiac's Rebellion | characterized by Indian attacks along colonial border from New York to Virginia in 1763; British troops sent to quell violence |
| Proclamation of 1763 | issued by British to prevent hostilities b/w colonists and Indians issued by British; said colonists could not settle west of Appalachian Mts.; meant to prevent hostilities between colonists and Indians |
| Stamp Act | required stamps to be placed on most printed paper in colonies (legal docs, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards); 1st direct tax on colonists |
| Patrick Henry | he proclaimed "no taxation w/o representation" in response to Stamp Act |
| Townshend Acts | tax on tea, paper, glass, lead, painters’ colors; passed in 1767 to raise money to pay for British officials in colonies |
| Committees of Correspondance | initiated by radical Samuel Adams in 1772; allowed New England towns exchanged letters about British activities |
| Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) of 1774 | passed by the British in response to the Boston Tea Party |
| 1st Continental Congress | in 1774, passed the Suffolk Resolves and Declaration of Rights and Grievances in response to the Coercive Acts |
| 2nd Continental Congress | in 1775, created the Continental Army; authorized the invasion of Canada; passed the Olive Branch Petition; signed Declaration of Independence |
| Battle of Saratoga | 1777 battle that resulted in French entering War for Independence on side of Americans |
| Republican motherhood | idea that a woman's place was in the domestic sphere but that she was also responsible for educating children in citizenship |
| Paxton Boys | backcountry Pennsylvania farmers who ignored the Proclamation Line of 1763; dispersed by Ben Franklin |
| Stamp Act Congress | this group claimed only elected Americans could approve taxes |
| Sons of Liberty | they called for American independence in the wake of the Stamp Act |
| Boston Massacre | resulted from a protest of the Townshend Acts |
| Tea Act | this was passed so the colonists would not buy the smuggled alternative at a cheaper price |
| popular sovereignty | Enlightened idea that government derives its "just powers from the consent of the governed” |
| laissez faire | laissez faire |
| Common Sense | convinced many Americans with rather simplistic ideas that independence was necessary |
| Dunmore's Proclamation | British offer of freedom to any enslaved person who left their Patriot owner to fight for the King |
| Battle of Yorktown | battle that resulted in the British surrender in the American Revolution |
| Pennsylvania Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery | forbade importation of slaves into the colony; freed children of enslaved mothers at age 28 |
| Abigail Adams | urged her husband to "remember the ladies" at the Second Continental Congress |
| Federalists | political party that desired strong federal government and tariffs to protect US industry; led by Hamilton |
| Democratic-Republicans (Anti-Federalists) | political party that feared strong federal government; led by Jefferson |
| BROAD (loose) CONSTRUCTIONISTS | believed in broad interpretations of the Constitution in order to expand federal power |
| STRICT CONSTRUCTIONISTS | believed in narrow interpretations of the Constitution (following Constitution literally) in order to limit federal power |
| Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) | under George Washington, this said the US would not take sides in the French Revolutionary Wars |
| Jay's Treaty | treaty with Great Britain that said Brits would remove troops from NW Territories and wouldn't interfere with US shipping |
| Pinckney's Treaty | treaty with Spain that said Spain would recognize US neutrality, end Spanish claims to Mississippi territory, draw a border with Florida, give the US access to Mississippi River and New Orleans |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | Ohio River Valley Indians give up claims to Ohio River Valley |
| Whiskey Rebellion | first challenge to federal power after the Constitution was written; collapsed in face of federal power |
| impressment | term that refers to British policy of seizing American ships and forcing US sailors to help British fight its enemies |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | under Adams, these laws said "dangerous" foreigners could be deported and that it was illegal to criticize the President |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolves | laws that nullified the Alien and Sedition Acts in those states |
| Articles of Confederation | outlined the first form of the US government; unicameral legislature |
| Northwest Ordinance | law that established a process by which new states above the Ohio River would be admitted to the Union |
| Shays' Rebellion | this convinced many Founding Fathers that a stronger federal government was necessary; took place in Massachusetts in 1786 |
| Great Compromise | solved the problem of representation; created a House of Representatives and a Senate |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | was a result of slave states wanting to count their slaves in their population so they could increase their representation in the House of Representatives |
| Electoral College | system to elect the President; favored the small states and slave states |
| system to elect the President; favored the small states and slave states | essay in which Madison outlined a system of separation of powers and checks and balances |
| Bill of Rights | added to Constitution to satisfy the Anti-Federalists; protects individual rights from abuse by a strong government |
| added to Constitution to satisfy the Anti-Federalists; protects individual rights from abuse by a strong government | says all powers not outlined in the Constitution for the federal government are reserved for the individual states |
| Article VI | example of religious toleration in Constitution; says no "religious test" is required to hold office |
| federalism | system in which power is divided between the federal and state governments |
| Thomas Jefferson | leader of the Democratic-Republicans; favored a smaller federal government |
| Alexander Hamilton | leader of the Federalists; favored a larger federal government |
Created by:
CrazyDuckyy