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Atomic Theory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest particle of an element, electrically neutral |
| gold foil experiment | experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford - determined the nucleus is small, dense and positively charged and the atom is mostly empty space |
| proton | positive subatomic particle found in the nucleus |
| neutrons | subatomic particle found in the nucleus with no charge |
| electron | subatomic particle with a negative charge found outside the nucleus |
| orbital | a region of an atom in which an electron of particular energy is most likely to be located |
| nucleus | the dense, positively charged central core of an atom contain protons and neutrons |
| valence shell | the outermost shell of electrons in an atom |
| valence electron | the electrons in the outermost energy level |
| atomic number | equal to the number of protons, gives the identity of the atom |
| average atomic mass | sometimes called average atomic mass; the weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
| mass number | the sum of protons and neutrons |
| bohr model | also called the planetary model of the atom |
| lewis structure | a diagram that depicts valence electrons as dots and shared electrons as lines around the atomic symbol |
| isotopes | atom of an element with a particular number of neutrons |
| ground state | when all the electrons in an atom or ion are in the lowest energy state |
| excited state | when an electron is in the ground state absorbs energy and jumps up to higher energy levels, leaving vacancies in lower energy levels |
Created by:
bricela
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