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CHH 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adjunctive behaviors | Behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior; time-filling or interim activities that are induced by schedules of reinforcement during times when reinforcement is unlikely to be delivered. |
| alternative schedule (alt) | Provides reinforcement when the response requirements of any of two or more simultaneously available component schedules are met. |
| behavioral contrast | A change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule. |
| chained schedule (chain) | A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered; a discriminative stimulus is correlated with each component of the schedule. |
| compound schedule of reinforcement | A schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more elements of continuous reinforcement (CRF), the four intermittent schedules of reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, VI), differential reinforcement of various rates of responding (DRH, DRL), and extinction. |
| concurrent schedule (conc) | A schedule of reinforcement in which two or more contingencies of reinforcement (elements) operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors. |
| conjunctive schedule (conj) | A schedule of reinforcement that is in effect whenever reinforcement follows the completion of response requirements for two or more schedules of reinforcement. |
| continuous reinforcement (CRF) | A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of the target behavior. |
| differential reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD) | Reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually decreasing criterion based on the individual’s performance in previous intervals |
| differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH) | Reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being greater than a gradually increasing criterion based on the individual’s performance in previous intervals |
| differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) | Reinforcement follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by IRT, or is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion. |
| fixed interval (FI) | A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced |
| fixed ratio (FR) | A schedule of reinforcement requiring a fixed number of responses for reinforcement |
| intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT) | A contingency of reinforcement in which some, but not all, occurrences of the behavior produce reinforcement. |
| lag schedule | A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way (e.g., different topography) from the previous response (e.g., Lag 1) or a specified number of previous responses (e.g., Lag 2 or more). |
| limited hold | A situation in which reinforcement is available only during a finite time following the elapse of an FI or VI interval; if the target response does not occur within the time limit, reinforcement is withheld and a new interval begins |
| matching law | The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative. |
| mixed schedule of reinforcement (mix) | A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of 2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; no SDs are correlated with the presence/absence of each element of the schedule. |
| multiple schedule (mult) | A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; a SD is correlated with the presence/absence of each element of the schedule. |
| postreinforcement pause | The absence of responding for a period of time following reinforcement; an effect commonly produced by fixed interval (FI) and fixed ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement. |
| progressive schedule of reinforcement | A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual’s behavior; progressive ratio (PR) and progressive interval (PI) schedules are thinned using arithmetic or geometric progressions. |
| progressive-ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement | A variation of the fixed ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement that increases the ratio requirements incrementally within the session. |
| ratio strain | A behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules; common effects include avoidance, aggression, and unpredictable pauses or cessation in responding. |
| schedule of reinforcement | A rule specifying the environmental arrangements and response requirements for reinforcement; a description of a contingency of reinforcement. |
| schedule thinning | Changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing the response ratio or the extent of the time interval; it results in a lower rate of reinforcement per responses, time, or both. |
| tandem schedule (tand) | A schedule of reinforcement identical to the chained schedule except, like the mix schedule, the tandem schedule does not use discriminative stimuli with the elements in the chain. |
| variable interval (VI) | A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time occurring in a random or unpredictable order. The mean duration of the intervals is used to describe the schedule |
| variable ratio (VR) | A schedule of reinforcement requiring a varying number of responses for reinforcement. The number of responses required varies around a random number; the mean number of responses required for reinforcement is used to describe the schedule |
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pwlc