Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord; processes and controls information in the body.

The main control center responsible for thought, memory, emotion, and voluntary actions.

A bundle of nerves that carries signals between the brain and body and controls reflexes.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to the body.

A network of nerves that supplies the shoulder, arm, and hand.

Controls sensation and movement in the ring and little fingers.

Controls extension of the wrist and fingers; sensation on the back of the arm and hand.

Controls thumb movement and sensation in the palm and fingers.

The largest nerve in the body; runs from the lower back down the leg.

Responsible for decision-making, personality, planning, and voluntary movement.

Processes touch, temperature, pain, and spatial awareness.

Involved in hearing, memory, and language comprehension.

Coordinates balance, posture, and smooth muscle movement.

Controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Controls voluntary muscle movements.

Receives and interprets sensory information from the body.

Responsible for understanding language.

Raised folds of the brain that increase surface area.

Grooves or valleys between brain folds.

A group of structures involved in emotion, behavior, and memory.

Processes emotions, especially fear and aggression.

Responsible for learning and forming new memories.

Regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and hormone release.

Relay station for sensory information going to the cerebral cortex.

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Secretes melatonin and regulates sleep cycles.

Master endocrine gland controlling other glands.

Involved in vision, hearing, and motor control.

Regulates breathing and connects different parts of the brain.

Controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate and breathing.

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Brain

Term	Definition
Central Nervous System (CNS)	Brain and spinal cord; processes and controls information in the body.
Brain	The main control center responsible for thought, memory, emotion, and voluntary actions.
Spinal Cord	A bundle of nerves that carries signals between the brain and body and controls reflexes.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)	All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to the body.
Brachial Plexus	A network of nerves that supplies the shoulder, arm, and hand.
Ulnar Nerve	Controls sensation and movement in the ring and little fingers.
Radial Nerve	Controls extension of the wrist and fingers; sensation on the back of the arm and hand.
Median Nerve	Controls thumb movement and sensation in the palm and fingers.
Sciatic Nerve	The largest nerve in the body; runs from the lower back down the leg.
Frontal Lobe	Responsible for decision-making, personality, planning, and voluntary movement.
Parietal Lobe	Processes touch, temperature, pain, and spatial awareness.
Temporal Lobe	Involved in hearing, memory, and language comprehension.
Occipital Lobe	Processes visual information.
Cerebellum	Coordinates balance, posture, and smooth muscle movement.
Brain Stem	Controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Motor Cortex	Controls voluntary muscle movements.
Sensory Cortex	Receives and interprets sensory information from the body.
Broca’s Area	Controls speech production.
Wernicke’s Area	Responsible for understanding language.
Gyrus (Gyri)	Raised folds of the brain that increase surface area.
Sulcus (Sulci)	Grooves or valleys between brain folds.
Limbic System	A group of structures involved in emotion, behavior, and memory.
Amygdala	Processes emotions, especially fear and aggression.
Hippocampus	Responsible for learning and forming new memories.
Hypothalamus	Regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and hormone release.
Thalamus	Relay station for sensory information going to the cerebral cortex.
Corpus Callosum	Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Olfactory Bulbs	Process smell information.
Pineal Gland	Secretes melatonin and regulates sleep cycles.
Pituitary Gland	Master endocrine gland controlling other glands.
Midbrain	Involved in vision, hearing, and motor control.
Pons	Regulates breathing and connects different parts of the brain.
Medulla Oblongata	Controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate and breathing.

Created by: user-1897871

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