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respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| four functions of respiratory system | delivers 02 to tissues and cells, regulates blood pH, vocal sounds, sense of smell |
| difference btwn external and internal respiration | external- breathing/ventilation internal- bloodstream level gas exchange |
| at what point does the lower respiratory tract start | trachea |
| three parts of the nasal cavity | sinuses, soft palate, hard palate. |
| 4 sinuses | maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal |
| what happens to air when it enters the oral cavity | gets warmed, moistened, and filtered |
| where the nasal and oral cavities meet | pharynx |
| difference btwn true and false vocal cords | false vocal cords don't make sound. true vocal cords do. |
| the glottis is the | opening of the true vocal cords |
| three types of pharyngeal cartilage | thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic |
| main bronchi enter ____ Lobar bronchi enter ____ segmental bronchi ____ | the lungs lobes of the lungs smaller parts of the lungs |
| terminal bronchioles vs respiratory bronchioles | terminal have no alveoli, respiratory do |
| what cells surround alveoli | simple squamous epithelial |
| Hilum | area where bronchi and blood vessels enter the lungs |
| the diaphragm contracts to | inhale |
| TV | tidal volume. a regular breath. ~500ml |
| IRV | inspiratory reserve volume. maximum inhale w effort. ~3000ml |
| ERV | expiratory reserve volume. maximum exhale w effort. ~1100ml |
| RV | residual volume. air left in lungs after max exhale. ~1200 ml |
| VC | vital capacity. the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest possible breath. ~4600 ml |
| IC | inspiratory capacity. maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration. ~3500 |
| FRC | functional residual volume. the air left in lungs after normal expiration. ~2300 |
| TLC | total lung capacity. max air capacity. 5800 |
| MV | minute ventilation. air moved through the lungs in a minute. TV x RR |
| alveoli are coated in ___ which helps them stay flexible | surfactant |
| non -respiratory air movements | coughing, sneezing, yawning, hiccups. |
| respiratory rate is controlled by what part of the brain | brain stem |
| asthma patients have trouble ___ | getting air out. because of tightening of the airways |
| what disorder is characterized by alveoli not being able to close, and air getting trapped | emphysema |
| inflammation of the airways mucus membrane | bronchitis |
| HAPE | high altitude pulmonary edema. a life threatening condition caused by high altitude sickness. causes lung fluid build up, lack of 02/ |
| 2 most common disorders associated w COPD | bronchitis and emphysema |
| __% of blood oxygen gets recycled and exhaled | 75% |
| 70% of CO2 gets | bonded with water to make hydrogen ions and bicarbonate. |
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