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A&P UNIT 1 TEST
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the survival needs | nutrients, oxygen, water, stable body temperature, atmospheric pressure |
| Organs of the digestive system | mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine; pancreas, liver and gall bladder are (accessory organ) |
| anatomy | The study of body structure; what they parts look like, where they are located |
| what is the purpose of water | makes up 60-80% body weight |
| Organs of the Muscular System | muscles |
| normal body temperature | 37 degrees Celsius |
| function of lymphatic system | picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood |
| function of digestive system | break down and absorbs nutrients from food; removes waste; maintains water balance |
| why do we need oxygen | is needed for chemical reactions to occur; like the release of energy from food molecules |
| Organs of the Integumentary System | skin |
| Function of the nervous system | the control of the body and communication among its parts |
| function of integumentary system | protection from environmental hazards; temperature control |
| Functions of the muscular system | movement of the body; locomotion |
| Physiology | The study of body function; what is the job of the parts, how do they work/function |
| metabolism | sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism; The break down of complex molecules into smaller ones or, the building of larger molecules from smaller ones are all part of metabolism |
| organs of the lymphatic system | tonsils, thymus, spleen |
| body temperature | When this survival need is too high or too low, physiological activities stop, mostly because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional. |
| Homeostasis | maintenance of a stable internal environment is termed |
| atmospheric pressure | survival need required for the normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing. |
| anatomical position | To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward |
| parasagittal plane | Divides body into unequal right and left sides |
| Intermediate | between a more medial and a more lateral structure |
| superficial | Toward or at the body surface |
| Medial | Toward the midline of the body |
| cephalic region includes | frontal, orbital, nasal, oral, mental, otic, occipital |
| Dorsal (posterior) | Toward or at the back of the body; behind |
| Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment |
| Distal | farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
| Frontal (coronal) plane | vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions |
| midsagittal plane (median plane) | sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline into equal left and right halves |
| Lateral | Away from the midline of the body |
| 3 most common body planes | sagittal, frontal (coronal), transverse (horizontal) |
| Ventral (anterior) | toward or at the front of the body; in front of |
| Body plane | Flat surface along which body or structure may be cut for anatomical study |
| What are the two sets of internal body cavities? | Dorsal and Ventral |
| What are the two subdivisions of dorsal body cavity? | Cranial and Vertebral |
| Dorsal body cavity | protects the nervous system |
| Deep (internal) | Away from the body surface; more internal |
| transverse (horizontal) plane | Divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts (cross section) |
| Sagittal Plane | vertical division of the body into right and left portions |
| What do the pleural cavities contain? | lungs |
| What does the Vertebral cavity encase? | spinal cord |
| Organs of the nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerves, neuroglia |
| Organs of the cardiovascular system | heart, blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins) |
| Organs of the respiratory system | lungs, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles |
| What are the two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity? | Thoracic and Abdominopelvic |
| What are the two subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity? | Abdominal and Pelvic |
| What does the cranial cavity encase? | brain |
| Function of the cardiovascular system | Transports gases, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body. |
| Ventral body cavity | Houses internal organs |
| What are the subdivisions of the thoracic cavity? | 2 pleural cavities, mediastinum, |
| What does the pelvic cavity contain? | urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum |
| What does the mediastinum contain? | heart |
| What does the abdominal cavity contain? | Stomach, intestines, spleen, liver |
| What are the two subdivisions in the ventral body cavity divided by? | diaphragm |
| Organs of the endocrine system | pituitary, Pancreas, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, |
| function of the endocrine system | secrete hormones, chemical substances produced in the body that regulate the activity of cells or organs |
| Levels of structural organization | chemical level, molecular level, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism |
| Standard anatomical body position | body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward |
| Superior (cranial or cephalad ) | toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above |
| Inferior (caudal) | away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below |
| function of the respiratory system | taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide |
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