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Ch. 1
Exceptionality and Special Education
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Disability | An inability to do something, a diminished capacity to perform in a specific way. |
| Handicap | A disadvantage imposed on an individual. |
| Prevalence | The percentage of a population or number of individuals having a particular exceptionality. |
| Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | Injury to the brain resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance; may affect cognition, language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract thinking, judgement, problem solving, etc. |
| Special Education | Special, individualized instruction provided according to federal, state, and local laws and designed to meet individual educational needs of a student with disabilities or giftedness or both; the profession of special education. |
| Deinstitutionalization | A social movement starting in the 1960s whereby large numbers of persons with intellectual disabilities and/or mental illness are moved from large mental institutions into smaller community homes or into the homes of their families; recognized as a major |
| Inclusion | Mainstreaming' the idea of placing students with disabilities in general education classes and other school activities. |
| Education for All Handicapped children Act | Also known as public Law 94-142, which became law in 1975 and is now known as the individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Retitled in 1990 and reauthorized in 1997 and 2004. |
| Americans Disability Act (ADA) | Civil rights legislation for persons with disabilities ensuring nondiscrimination in a board range of activities. |
| Hydrocephalus | A condition characterized by enlargement of the head because of excessive pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Intellectual disabilities | The newer term for "mental retardation"; a disability in intelligence and adaptive behavior. |
| Emotional or Behavioral disorders | The terminology proposed by the National Mental Health and Special Education Coalition to replace the federal terminology "emotional disturbance." |
| Emotional disturbance | The term used in federal special education laws and regulations for problematic behavior that interferes with education; the federal term used to indicate the problems of emotionally disturbed students. |