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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Elements | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| Hypothesis | an educated guess |
| Law | something that has been proven to be the same every time |
| Theory | something that happens every time but can change |
| Variable | a factor that can be changed in an experiment |
| Qualitative Data | data representing information and concepts that are not represented by numbers. |
| Quantitative Data | data that can be counted or measured in numerical values |
| Accuracy | the closeness of the measurements to the true or accepted value |
| Precision | the closeness of two or more measurements to each other |
| Observation | something that you can see |
| Inference | the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence and reasoning. |
| Experimental error | the variance in measured values versus the true value |
| Bias | a type of systematic error that can distort measurements and/or affect investigations and their results |
| length | measure of distance |
| Mass | amount of matter that makes up an object |
| Weight | he force exerted on a body by gravity. |
| Volume | the space on object takes up |
| Conversions with SI Units | |
| Scientific Notation | a way of writing very large or very small numbers |
| Matter | any substance that has mass and takes up spac |
| Physical Property | things that can be observed without changing the chemical identity of the substance |
| Density | the relationship between the mass of the substance and how much space it takes up (volume) |
| Triple Beam Balance | one of the tools that is used to measure |
| Arcamedes' principle and water displacement | used to find the mass using water dissplacement |
| Viscosity | the time it takes an liquid is to flowing |
| Malleability / Ductility | how moldable a metal is |
| Conductivity (Thermal / Electrical) | how well a substance can conduct heat or electrical |
| Solubility | how well a substance can dissolve |
| Chemical Property | any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction |
| Reactivity | have reactive a chemical is |
| Flammability | how flammable a substance is |
| Toxicity | how toxic a substance is |
| Acidity and Basicity | fundamental chemical properties that describe the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution |
| Corrosivity | a substace that causes corrosion. |
| Physical Change | a change physicaly |
| Chemical Change | a change chemicaly |
| Bose-Einstein Condensate | near Absolute Zero |
| Solid | define shape and mass |
| Liquid | no define shape but has define mass |
| Gas | not define shape or mass |
| Plasma | |
| Endothermic Reaction | taking heat in |
| Exothermic Reaction | letting heat out |
| Phase Changes | the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another |
| Melting/Freezing | melting requires the addition of heat to a substance, while freezing occurs with the removal of heat. |
| Sublimation/Deposition | water vapor changes directly into ice |
| Matter | any substance that has mass and takes up space |
| Atoms | makes up everything |
| Molcule | a group of atoms bonded together, |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| Compound | a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements |
| Mixture | a substance made by mixing other substances together. |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent |
| Solvent | able to dissolve other substances. |
| Solute | the minor component in a solution |
| Homogeneous | if its composition is identical wherever you sample it |
| Colloid | a homogeneous noncrystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles |
| Tyndall Effect | the scattering of light by particles in a colloid solution |
| Heterogeneous | diverse in character or content. |
| Suspension | a mixture where a solid particle does not dissolve in a liquid solution |
| Temperature | he measure of hotness or coldness expressed |
| Absolute Zero | the lowest Temperature |
| heat | form of energy that is transferred between two substances at different temperatures |
| Specific Heat Capacity | the ratio of the amount of energy that has to be transferred |
| Conduction | Heat transfers through direct physical contact |
| Convection | Heat transfer through fluid movement. Occurs in liquids and gases |
| Radiation | Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves. |
| Insulator | Materials that resist heat transfer |
| Conductors | Materials that transfer heat easily |
| Proton | positive charged Subatomic Particle |
| Neutron | nertral charged Subatomic Particle |
| Electron | negative charged Subatomic Particle |
| Nucleus | ware protons and neurons are found |
| Electron Cloud | ware electrons are found |
| Energy Level | amount of energy |
| Valence Electron | electrons in the outermost shell of an atom |
| Atomic Number | amount of protons |
| Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus |
| Atomic Mass | the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass |
| isotope | members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons |
| Ion | an atom that has an electric charge |
| Periodic Table | a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number |
| group | a column in the periodic table in which the elements have atoms with identical valence electron counts |
| metal | substances characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity |
| nonmetal | an element or substance that is not a metal. |
| Metalloid | an element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals or semiconductors. |
| Alkali Metal | any of the six chemical elements that make up Group 1 |
| Alkaline-Earth Metal | the second most reactive family of elements |
| Transition Metal | a metallic element that has an incomplete d electron subshell |
| Halogen | a chemical element that forms a salt when it reacts with metal |
| Reactant | elements that are used in the chemical reaction |
| Product | the product of the chemical reaction |
| Subscript | a small-sized number on the bottom right of the symbol |
| Synthesis | the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials |
| Decomposition | the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter |
| Single-Replacement | a reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound |
| Double-Replacement | those in which two ionic compounds exchange their ions |
| Combustion | rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light. |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| acid | chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind. |
| base | a substance that can accept hydrogen ions in water and can neutralize an acid |
| Subatomic Particles | incredibly small entities that exist within atoms |
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