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acne
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Clindamycin/Tretinoin (Biacna®) | suppresses bacterial protein synthesis -Works by slowing or stopping the growth of bacteria / increases cell turnover in the follicular wall and reduces cohesiveness of cells |
| Tazarotene (Tazorac®) | • Retinoid prodrug • Metabolized rapidly via esterase hydrolysis in the skin to tazarotenic acid, • Topical half‑life (t½) of 18 hours • Exerts some anti‑inflammatory and immunological activity • MOA: Suppresses proliferation of epithelial tissue |
| Adapalene (Differin®) | topical retinoid Potent anti‑inflammatory • Affects the growth of skin cells and reduces the formation of pimples • MOA: Keratolytic effects are responsible for breakdown of comedones |
| Erythromycin + benzoyl peroxide | (Benzamycin®) topical antiinfective |
| Erythromycin | 2nd line because of resistance;used when tetracyclines are not effective or tolerated |
| Azelaic Acid (Finacea®) | Found in whole‑grain and animal products • Reduces redness, inflammatory papules, and pustule MOA • Kills bacteria that infect pores • Reduces production of keratin (a natural substance that could lead to the development of acne) |
| Drospirenone, desogestrel, or norgestimate (progestins) | produce low androgenic effects Acne caused by excess of androgen (male) hormone |
| Autoimmune chronic inflammatory Caused by hyperactivity of T cells Associated with rapid turnover of skin | psoriasis |
| Clobetasol (Dermovate®) | Class I — Super‑High Potency Used for severe, thick, resistant skin conditions. |
| Betamethasone dipropionate (Diprolene®, Diprosone®) Halobetasol (Ultravate®) | Class II — Super Potent Still very strong, but slightly less than Class I. |
| Amcinonide (Cyclocort®) Fluocinonide (Lidex®, Lyderm®, Tiamol®) Triamcinolone (>0.5%) | Class III — Very Potent Strong, but safer for more areas of the body. |
| Betamethasone Mometasone furoate (Elocom®) | Class IV — Potent Moderately strong; used for moderate eczema or psoriasis. |
| Betamethasone valerate (Betaderm®) Fluocinolone acetonide (DermaSmoothe®) Hydrocortisone valerate (Hydroval®) Triamcinolone acetonide (Aristocort®) (>0.5%) | Class V — Medium Potency Good for many common eczema cases. |
| Desonide | Class VI (6) — Mild Potency Safe for sensitive skin areas. |
| Hydrocortisone (0.5% & 1% are OTC) | Class VII — Lowest Potency Safest for face, children, and long‑term use. |
| Corticosteroids MOA | possess antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and produce vasoconstriction |
| Pimecrolimus(Elidel®) | treatment of mild to moderate eczema Immunomodulators:Calcineurin Inhibitor inhibits t cell activation not effective for plaque psoriasis long term use can cause lymphoma |
| Tacrolimus(Protopic®) | Immunomodulators:Calcineurin Inhibitor inhibits t cell activation moderate to severe atopic dermatitis that has not responded to corticosteroid treatment not effective for plaque psoriasis long term use can cause lymphoma |
| Calcipotriene (Calcipotriol) | treats psoriasis - A synthetic analog of vitamin D It is often combined with betamethasone, MOA: inhibits the rapid and repeated production of new skin cells Inhibits proliferation of T cells lowering inflammation |
| Calcitriol (Silkis®) | treats psoraiasis active form of vitamin D3 Improvement is usually seen within 2 weeks of starting therapy Maximum effect may take 4–8 weeks |
| Methoxsalen | in Canada, only formulated for skin cancer treatment but treats atopic dermatitis and psoriasis along with UV light therapy (Psoralens plus ultraviolet A light therapy is also known as PUVA)- increase photosensitivity |
| Aathioprine | treatment of severe psoriasis notHealthCanada approved • Immunosuppressants can down regulate the body’s response to allergens Adverse ; drop in red and white blood cells, kidney+liver toxicity, weight gain, risk of infection, new onset psoriasis |
| tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors | Etanercept (Enbrel®), infliximab (Remicade®), adalimumab (Humira®) used for psoriasis |
| tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors moa | prevents cell destruction and release of substances that cause inflammation and epidermal thickening - Block inflammatory processes triggered by high concentration of TNF-A |
| Interleukin Inhibitors | Ixekizumab(Taltz®),secukinumab(Cosentyx®), ustekinumab(Stelera®) Treats plaque psoriasis |
| Tazarotene(Tazorac®):retinoid prodrug moa for psoriasis | inhibits epidermal hyperproliferation by slowing this excessive growth, tazarotene helps reduce plaques, scaling, and thickness) |
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