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BIO QUIZ 2.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| concentration | how much solute and solvent in one solution |
| concentration gradient | two adjacent solutions with different concentrations, may or may not have membrane b/w them |
| permeable | a membrane that lets something pass through it! (yes!) |
| impermeable | a membrane that does NOT let something pass through it! (NO!) |
| semi-permeable | a membrane that lets SOME pass through, usually for NONLIVING membranes. (set, doesn't change) |
| selectively permeable | CELL membrane that lets some things pass through but "chooses" what passes through |
| is energy needed for passive transport? | NO |
| is energy needed for active transport? | YES! |
| what direction is passive transport material moving in? | higher to lower concentration of the substance |
| what direction is active transport material moving in? | lower to higher concentration of the substance |
| what direction is active transport material moving in relation to concentration gradient? | up/against |
| what direction is passive transport material moving in relation to concentration gradient? | down/with |
| 3 examples of passive transport | diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, (carrier proteins involved) |
| 3 examples of active transport | carrier proteins (pumps), bulk transport - endocytosis and exocytosis |
| what is diffusion? | a physical process that involves random movement of particles |
| how does diffusion move? | higher concentration to lower concentration of that substance. |
| what is facilitated diffusion? | a type of diffusion that involves channel proteins or carrier proteins in cell membrane (no energy involved) |
| what does facilitated diffusion do? | help substances get through the membrane that can't go between phospholipids, such as large substances, polar substances, ionic substances (b/c polar/ionic substances are charged and can't pass through the hydrophopic/nonpolar tails of the phospholipid. |
| what is osmosis? | a type of facilitated diffusion, diffusion of water |
| how does osmosis work with water? | moves water through the membrane from an higher area concentration area to lower concentration area |
| what special protein is involved in osmosis? | special channel proteins aquaporins when cell membrane is involved opposed to artificial membrane. |
| what is water potential? | tendency of water to move from one area to another |
| how is water potential affected by two factors? | amount of solute present in each area and amount of water present in each area, represented by greek letter PSI |
| equation of water potential | water potential = solute potential + pressure potential |
| solute potential (osmotic potential, osmotic pressure) | tendency of water to move in or out of a cell, depends on amount of solute in each area. |
| what happens to solute potential when an area has MORE solute/LESS water? | HIGHER solute potential |
| what happens to pressure potential when an area has LESS solute/MORE water? | HIGHER pressure potential |
| pressure potential (turgor potential/pressure) | tendency of water to move in or out of a cell, depending on amount of water in each area |
| how does water flow in comparison to pressure potential and solute potential? | water flows where there is HIGHER pressure potential (more water) towards where HIGHER solute potential (less water). (higher concentration of water -> lower concentration of water) |
| hypertonic | more solute |
| hypotonic | less solute |
| isotonic/equilibrium | same amount of solute |
| tonicity | particular solution's solute concentration |
| more solute | hypertonic |
| less solute | hypotonic |
| same amount of solute | isotonic/equilibrium |
| particular solution's solute concentration | tonicity |
| too much water goes out of cell is called ...? | plasmolysis |
| cell w/o cell wall (animal cells) bursts if too much water comes in is called ...? | cytolysis |
| cells w/cell wall (plant cells) don't burst when water comes in because? | cell membrane pushes against cell wall |
| what is turgor or turgid? | when a cell w/cell wall is full of water and cell is rigid |
| what is best for a cell with no cell wall? | equibillbrium |
| what is best for a cell with cell wall? | turgid (there is no such thing has cytolysis in plant cells w/cell wall) |
| what are pumps? | special carrier proteins that use energy to force substances in or out of the cell from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration |
| what is sodium-potassium pump? | important in nerve and muscle cells, moves sodium ions (Na+) out of cell and potassium ions (K+) into cell through ATP. |
| what is bulk transport? | using vesicles to move large things in/out of cell |
| what is exocytosis? | sending something OUT of the cell |
| what is endocytosis? | bringing something IN the cell |
| how does exocytosis happen? | vesicle forms around substance, vesicle fuses with cell membrane and deposits substance outside of cell. |
| how does endocytosis happen? | part of cell membrane wraps around substance, pocket becomes vesicle on inside of the cell, vesicle breaks off from cell membrane, bring in substance of cell. |
| phagocytosis | vesicle used to bring in large, solid things |
| pinocytosis | vesicle used to bring fluid with things dissolved in it |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis | vesicle only forms to bring something in if certain receptors on outside of the cell are activated |
| in a phospholipid, heads are ... | hydrophilic |
| in a phospholipid, tails are ... | hydrophobic |
| vesicle used to bring in large, solid things | phagocytosis |
| vesicle used to bring fluid with things dissolved in it | pinocytosis |
Created by:
studying11