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AP HUG VOCAB
Unit 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| African Union | a continental body consisting of the 55 member states that make up the countries of the african continent |
| Antecedent Boundary | a political border established before the area became heavily populated or culturally developed |
| Apartheid | the South African system of racial segregation and discrimination, enforced by law, that physically separated different races into distinct geographic areas |
| Arctic Council | a key intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation on sustainable development and environmental protection in the arctic |
| Association of Southeast Asian Nations | an organization of countries in southeast asia set up to promote cultural, economic, and political development in the region |
| Autonomous Region | an area of a country that has freedom from an external authority |
| Berlin Conference | a meeting of european powers that formalized the colonization and division of africa, establishing rules for claiming territory and drawing political borders without african input |
| Choke Point | a geographical feature which an armed force is forced to pass |
| Colonialism | attempt by one county to establish settlements and to impose its principles in another territory |
| Consequent Boundary | where the border is drawn to accommodate existing differences between countries. |
| Decolonization | the gaining, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory |
| Delimited Boundary | drawing of boundaries, particularly of electoral precincts, sates, countries, or other governing body |
| Demarcated Boundary | a physical political boundary |
| Demilitarized Zone | an area in which agreements between nations military powers, or contending groups forbid military installations, activities, or personnel |
| Democratization | the transition to a more democratic political government |
| Devolution | the transfer of power to a lower level |
| Enclave | a portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct |
| Exclave | a strip of land that belongs to an entity but is not connected to that land |
| Ethnic Cleansing | the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group |
| European Union | a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe |
| Exclusive Economic Zone | a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resource |
| Federal State | a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government |
| Forward-Thrust Capital | a capital that is located or relocated, to a specific region within a country or a symbolic relocation of a capital city to a geographically or demographically peripheral location may be for either economic or strategic reasons |
| Geometric Boundary | formed by arcs or straight lines irrespective of the physical and cultural features of the land it passes through |
| Gerrymandering | practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries |
| Imperialism | a policy of extending a country's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas |
| International Waters | located outside any nation's territorial waters |
| Irredentism | the assertion by the government of a country that has a minority living outside its formal borders belongs to it historically and culturally |
| Multinational State | a sovereign state that compromises two or more nations or states |
| Multi-State Nation | a nation which operates more than one state within its borders |
| Nation | a culturally distinctive group of people occupying a specific territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, beliefs, and customs |
| Nation-State | a state in which the majority shares the same culture and are conscious of it and cultural boundaries match up with political one |
| Neocolonialism | the practice of using capitalism globalization and cultural imperialism to influence a developing country |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization | an international alliance that consists of 29 member states from north america and europe |
| Reapportionment | the process of distributing electoral seats to geographical areas |
| Redistricting | the process of drawing electoral district boundaries in the united states |
| Relic Boundary | a former boundary line that no longer functions as such is still marked by some landscape features |
| Satellite State | a country which is formally independent but which is primarily subject to the domination of another larger power |
| Self-Determination | the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government |
| Shatter Belt | a zone of great cultural complexity containing many small cultural groups |
| Sovereignty | the right of individual states to control political and economic affairs within their territorial boundaries without external interference |
| State | a centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries |
| Stateless Nation | an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state |
| Subsequent Boundary | boundary drawn after the development of the cultural landscape |
| Suffrage | the right to vote in public, political elections |
| Superimposed Boundary | a boundary forced on existing cultural landscapes by a colonizing power that doesn't care about preexisting cultural patterns |
| Supranationalism | occurs when states willingly relinquish some sovereignty in order to gain the benefits of belonging to a larger political-economic entity |
| Territoriality | an attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory considered partially or fully an exclusive area |
| Terrorism | the unlawful use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims |
| Theocracy | a government guided by a religion |
| Unitary State | the central government dictates the degree of local or regional self-government and the nature of local governmental units |
| United Nations | an intergovernmental organization responsible for maintaining international peace and security |
| United Nations Convention on The Law of Sea | the international agreement that resulted from the third united nations conference on the law of the sea |
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