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Bio Evolution Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is paleontology? | The scientific study of fossils |
| Who popularized paleontology? | George Cuvier |
| What is a layer of sedimentary rock called? | A strata |
| Who observed and studied fossils in different strata? | George Cuvier |
| Fossils in the _____ layers of strata are the _______ | Deepest; oldest |
| What is catastrophism? | The idea that natural disasters lead to the extinction of local populations |
| What did George Cuvier believe stratum were? | The time period between two natural catastrophes |
| Who proposed the idea of catastrophism? | George Cuvier |
| What is gradualism? | The idea that current geological features were made by slow but continuous movements |
| Who proposed gradualism? | James Hutton |
| What is uniformitarianism? | An expansion of gradualism and the idea that geologic processes have acted very slowly in the past and will continue to operate |
| Who studied human populations? | Thomas Malthus |
| What did Thomas Malthus hypothesize? | Populations would grow in areas with plenty of resources until those resources were strained and the population died, and the same would happen to humans |
| What is "survival of the fittest?" | The idea that the organisms with the best traits will survive and pass down their traits |
| What is the incorrect principle of use and disuse? | Structures in an organism's lifetime that are used more will become stronger and more prominent |
| What is the incorrect principle of the inheritance of acquired characteristics? | A gain or loss of a characteristic in an individual's life time will be passed down |
| Who proposed use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics? | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck |
| Which two people proposed the idea of evolution and influenced each other? | Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin |
| What ship did Charles Darwin sail on? | HMS Beagle |
| What is natural selection? | The process in which individuals with heritable traits more suitable to their environment have a greater survival/reproduction rate |
| What three patterns of diversity did Charles Darwin hypothesize? | Species vary globally, species vary locally, and species vary over time |
| What does species vary globally mean? | Different, yet ecologically similar, species inhabited separated, yet ecologically similar, habitats around the globe |
| What does species vary locally mean? | Different, yet related, species often occupied different habitats within a local area |
| What does species vary over time mean? | Extinct animals were similar to living species today |
| What is artificial selection/selective breeding? | Humans breed the variations of animals that they find the most useful |
| What is "the struggle for existence?" | The competition between members of a population to obtain food, living space, etc. |
| What is adaptation? | A characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment |
| What is "fitness?" | An organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment |
| Why do individuals show variation? | Mutations and meiosis |
| What are homologous structures? | Same structure, different function/Same structure and function |
| What are analogous structures? | Different structure, same function |
| What are vestigial structures? | Structures inherited from ancestors with no function |
| How do scientists use embryos to determine how organisms are related? | They observe their similarities in stages of development |
| What would happen over time if an antibiotic is used on bacteria? | Few bacteria would be resistant, which will eventually take over the population and render the antibiotic useless |
| How do scientists use genetic information to determine how organisms are related? | They observe how different the DNA bases are between organisms |
| What are the three points of natural selection? | Struggle for existence, variation and adaptation, and survival of the fittest |
| Who proposed uniformitarianism? | Charles Lyell |
Created by:
agastyad