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History Unit Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Central Canada? | Quebec and Ontario |
| What are the Maritimes? | New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, P.E.I |
| How did Confederation impact the growth of business and industry in Central Canada? | Confederation boosted industry by turning villages into factory towns and expanding retail. By 1871, Toronto’s Distillery District shipped goods across Canada and internationally. |
| Why in the 1880's were the Maritimes in trouble? | In the 1880s, the Maritimes struggled because higher tariffs hurt trade, and transporting goods to the rest of Canada was expensive. |
| Why did people living in the Maritimes move to Western Canada and the USA? | People left the Maritimes because Ontario and Quebec overproduced goods, causing fewer jobs, so many moved to Western Canada and the USA for work. |
| What were the Numbered Treaties? | The Numbered Treaties were 11 treaties made between 1871 and 1921 between the Canadian government and First Nations. |
| What did the Canadian Government give the First Nations People in return for their land. | In exchange for their land, the Canadian government promised reserve land, money, tools, and hunting and fishing rights |
| Why was the trade of land between the Canadian Government and the First Nations people unfair? | The trade was unfair because First Nations gave up much more land than they received, and the hunting and fishing rights promised were rights they already had. |
| Why did the First Nations People not notice the unfairity of the trade? | First Nations often didn’t realize the unfairness because interpreters gave different terms than what was written. |
| Why did the Canadian Government do this to the First Nations People? | The Canadian government gave First Nations less land to free up more land for settlers. |
| What were the laws that the Canadian Government had made regarding the First Nations people turned into? | The Indian Act. |
| What was the aim of the Indian Act? | The aim of this act was to assimilate the First Nations People. |
| When were the Residential Schools established, and what were they made to do? | Residential schools were established in 1883 to assimilate First Nations and teach European ways of life. |
| Where were most of these schools? | They were mostly in Western Canada and Northern Ontario. |
| What did the Dominion Lands Act do for farmers and why did they do this? | The 1872 Dominion Lands Act gave farmers land in the Northwest if they cleared 15–50 acres, planted crops, and built a home within 3 years. They did this to make sure that people living on the land worked hard. |
| What did the Federal Government promise the Metis? | The 1870 Manitoba Act promised land for 7,000 Red River Metis descendants. |
| Why were the Metis upset and what did they do? | By 1884, the government hadn’t given promised land, so many Metis moved to the District of Saskatchewan and the USA. |
| In 1884 who went to meet with Louis Riel and why? | In May 1884, four Metis men, including Gabriel Dumont, went to Montana to ask Louis Riel to lead their protest against the federal government. |
| What did Louis Riel do to protest the Federal Government and what was the Federal Governments response to this? | In December 1884, Riel and his followers petitioned the federal government to settle Metis and settler claims. The government promised a committee but never acted. After being ignored, Riel and his followers felt they had to take further action. |
| What did Riel and Dumont do to take more action? | Riel created a Provisional Government and was appointed its president, while Dumont led a militia of about 300 men. |
| What did Dumont and his men do on March 25 of 1885, and how was this responded to? | On March 25, 1885, Dumont and his men raided a store in Duck Lake for supplies. About 100 Northwest Mounted Police then tried to recover them. |
| Why did Dumont instruct his men to hide after hearing about the Northwest Mounted Police tracking them down, and what did he instruct them to do specifically? | Dumont had his men hide to avoid violence. He had his brother Isidore and Cree Elder Assiwiyin speak to the police to keep things civil. |
| Did the efforts to keep everything civil work? | No, a fight broke out, starting the Battle of Batoche.men on both sides were killed, and the 100 North-West Mounted Police had to retreat since they were outnumbered. |
| What happened in The Battle at Batoche? | The Battle of Batoche began on May 9, 1885. The Metis had fewer than 300 men, facing over 800 government troops, but new railways let the government deploy 3,000 soldiers within a month. |
| When and Why did Louis Riel surrender? | Riel surrendered on May 15, 1885, hoping a public trial would highlight the Metis struggle. Outnumbered, the battle ended while Dumont and others escaped to the USA. |
| What happened at Louis Riels trial? | After a four day trial the Jury found Riel guilty of treason, however the Jury recommended mercy. |
| What did Sir John A. Macdonald decide for Louis Riel and what was his difficulty's in this? | Macdonald struggled: freeing Riel would anger English Canada, but punishing him harshly risked losing Quebec’s support. He chose execution, and Riel was hanged on November 16, 1885. |
| What did the Government do to the Cree? | The government took Cree weapons and forced them to move to northern Alberta to stop secret meetings. Without weapons to hunt, the Cree depended on government food rations and had no choice but to move. |
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