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last pharm test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Becaplermin | Biologically engineered platelet-derived growth factor involved in wound healing and formation of granulation tissue Indicated for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic ulcers. |
| Collagenase | Used to promote débridement of necrotic tissue in ulcers and severe burns |
| Silver Sulfadiazine | Most frequently used topical agent for burns •moa thought to be via inhibition of DNA replication and modifications of cell membrane and wall •Bactericidal |
| Mafenide | Bacteriostatic (inhibits the growth of bacteria rather than killing them outright) to prevent and treat bacterial infections in patients with severe second- and third-degree burns |
| Povidone-Iodine | Use on minor burns as an antiseptic •Moa: destroys microbial protein and DNA •Is inactivated by wound exudates (Works best on clean dry wounds) Used to treat thrush ⮚ Or as an antiseptic wash |
| Silver Nitrate | Broad-spectrum agent; Used for Cauterization: Burns off excess tissue (granulation tissue) and antiseptic |
| tinea unguium/Onychomycosis | Fungal infection involving the fingernails or toenails |
| Treatment of Fungal and Yeast Infections | ⮚ Destroy fungal cell membrane ⮚ Interfere with synthesis of nucleic acids needed for replication ⮚ Inhibit synthesis of fungal cell wall |
| Itraconazole | (not a OTC formulation, prescription for serious fungal infections) |
| Imidazoles and Triazoles moa | •Interfere with ergosterol: ⮚ Synthesis of cell membrane ⮚ Cellular contents leak and cell dies interact with numerous drugs •e.g., macrolide antibiotics, quinidine, protease inhibitors, statins, cimetidine, and calcium channel blocker |
| Allylamine Antifungals moa | •Block enzyme needed for ergosterol synthesis: ⮚ Distort hyphae ⮚ Stunt growth of fungi |
| Terbinafine (Lamisil) and Naftifine (Naftin) | Allylamine Antifungals |
| Polyene Class of Antifungals | •Amphotericin B •Natamycin •Nystatin |
| Polyene Class of Antifungals moa | •Bind irreversibly to ergosterol: ⮚ Inhibit synthesis of fungal cell membrane |
| Thiocarbamates | •Tolnaftate: ⮚ Treatment and prevention of athlete’s foot ⮚ Treatment of ringworm and jock itch |
| Echinocandins | nidulafungin (Eraxis), caspofungin (Cancidas), and micafungin (Mycamine) |
| Echinocandins moa | •Interfere with synthesis of fungal cell wall |
| Isopropyl Myristate | treatment for head lice •MOA: ⮚ Purportedly dissolves louse exoskeleton, resulting in dehydration and death ⮚ Not ovicidal; nit removal and retreatment necessary |
| Ivermectin | • Kills newly hatched lice but not the eggs. MOA •Increases the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ion •Causing hyperpolarization and paralysis of invertebrate nerve and muscle cells not to be used for children + pregnant women |
| Lindane | perscription Used in agriculture to control pests and medically to kill lice / absorbed into the body of scabies mites and lice •Paralyzes and kills lice and scabies Adverse Effects (black box label) •Repeated increases the risk for neurotoxicity |
| Malathion | perscription pesticide medically to kill head lice and their eggs • withdrawn from the market in Canada MOA • paralyzes the central nervous system of parasites •Applied to dry scalp and left on for 8 to 12 hours |
| Crotamiton | a perscription scabicide •Can be used in pregnancy |
| Spinosad | indicated for the topical treatment of head lice infestations in patients 4 years of age and older •MOA: produces neuronal hyperexcitation in lice, resulting in paralysis and death |
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