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Chapter 5 Vocabulary
Lessons 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Chapter 5's vocabulary words.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaptation | a heritable trait that increases the likelihood of an individual's survival and reproduction |
| Artificial selection | a human-controlled process to produce individuals with certain traits |
| Biomass | the total amount of living tissue in a trophic level |
| Coevolution | the process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| Commensalism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which |
| Cellular respiration | the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars. producing carbon dioxide and water |
| Chemosynthesis | the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| Carnivore | an animal that kills and eats other animals |
| Consumer | an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients; heterotroph |
| Detritivore | an organism that scavenges the waste products or dead bodies of other community members |
| Decomposer | an organism that breaks down nonliving matter into simple parts that can be taken up and refused by primary producers |
| Evolution | change over time |
| Extinction | the disappearance of a species from earth |
| Fitness | the degree to which an organism can reproduce successfully in its environment |
| Food chain | a linear series of feeding relationships |
| Food web | a diagram of feeding relationships and energy flow the paths by which nutrients and energy pass from organism to another as one consumes it |
| Gene | a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait |
| Genetic drift | biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| Herbivory | the act of feeding on a plant |
| Herbivore | an organism that feeds on plants |
| Invasive species | a nonnative species that spreads widely in a community |
| Keystone species | a species that has a strong or wide-ranging impact on a community |
| Mutualism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which both organisms benefit |
| Ninche | an organism's habitat and fundamental role in a community |
| Natural Selection | the process by which traits that improve an organism's chances for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to offspring than those that do not |
| Omnivore | an animal that feeds on both plants and animals |
| Predation | the process by which individuals of one species hunt, capture, and feed on individuals of other species |
| Parasitism | a relationship between two organism from different species in which one organism is depended on by the other for food, nourishment, or other benefits |
| Primary Producer | an organism that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it ; autotroph |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen |
| Pioneer species | one of the first species to colonize newly exposed land |
| Resource partitioning | a process that allows different species to share common resources |
| Speciation | the process by which new species are generated |
| Symbiosis | the process by which a parasite makes a stabilized bond with a host |
| Succession | a somewhat predictable series of changes over time in a community |
| Secondary succession | the somewhat predictable series of change in a community that follows a disturbance that dramatically slters the community but does not destroy all vegetation or soil life |
| Tolerance | the ability to survive under changing environmental conditions |
| Trophic level | a rank in a feeding hierarchy |
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