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HBS #5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the CNS (Central nervous system)? (What are the organs and function?) | Organs: Brain and spinal cord. Function: Integration, command center; interpret incoming sensory information; issues outgoing instructions. |
| What is the PNS (Peripheral nervous system)? (What are the organs and function?) | Organs: Nerves extending from brain and spinal cord, spinal nerves and cranial nerves. Function: serve as communication lines among organs the brain and spinal cord, and glands and muscles. |
| What is the sensory division? | Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system. |
| What is the motor division? | Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system. |
| What is somatic? | Voluntary, consciously controls skeletal muscle. |
| What is autonomic? | Automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands. |
| What is the sympathetic system? | Fight or flight response, activates the body quickly and increases alertness. |
| What is the parasympathetic system? | Acts like the brakes, promotes calmness and recovery. |
| What is a gyri? | The ridges on the brain. |
| What is a sulci? | The grooves/ folds on the brain. |
| What is a fissure? | The deepest grooves that divide major brain regions. |
| What is the difference between gray and white matter? | Gray matter processes information and consists mainly of neuron cell bodies, while white matter transmits signals between brain areas, made of myelinated axons (nerve fibers). |
| What are the three sections that make up the diencephalon? | Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. |
| What is the medulla oblongata? | The lowest part of the brain stem, contains important control centers: heart rate control, blood pressure regulation, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting. |
| What is the pons? | The bulging center part of the brain stem. Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing. |
| What is the midbrain? | Mostly made of nerve fibers, Reflex centers for vision and hearing |
| What is the hypothalamus? | Under the thalamus, important autonomic nervous system center, helps regulate body temperature, control water balance, regulates metabolism. Has pituitary gland attached to it. |
| What is the thalamus? | Rely station for sensory impulses, and transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for interpretation. |
| What is Broca's area? | Involved in our ability to speak. |
| What is the primary motor area? | Located in frontal lobe |
| Where is the somatic sensory area located? | Parietal lobe. |
| What part of the deals with taste? | Parietal lobe. |
| What part of the brain deals with hearing? | Temporal lobe |
| What part of the brain deals with language comprehension? | Frontal lobe |
| What part of the brain deals with smell? | Temporal lobe. |
| What part of the brain deals with vision? | Occipital lobe |
| What does the epithalamus do? | Forms cerebrospinal fluid. |
| What part of the brain deals with muscle coordination? | Cerebellum |
| What part of the brain deals with breathing? | Brain stem. |
| What part of the brain deals with thirst and hunger? | Hypothalamus |
| What part of the brain deals with speech production? | Broca's area in the frontal lobe. |
| What part of the brain deals with movement? | Cerebellum. |
| What part of the brain deals with bodily sensations like touch and pain? | Parietal lobe. |
| What part of the brain deals with blood pressure regulations? | Medulla oblongata. |
| What part of the brain deals with sleeping and waking? | Hypothalamus. |
| What part of the brain deals with balance? | Cerebellum. |
| What is reticular formation? | Network of nerve pathways that connect the nervous system organs and play a role in sleep cycles and consciousness. |
| What is Wernicke's area? | Essential for language comprehension and processing spoken and written words. |
| What is aphasia? | Speaking disorder caused by damage to Broca's or Wernicke's area. |
| What is the motor cortex? | Part of the frontal lobe that controls and executes voluntary movements. |
| What is the sensory cortex? | Part of the brain that processes and interprets sensory information. |
| What does an agonist do? | It binds to a receptor and activities it to produce a response. |
| What does an antagonist do? | Binds to a receptor and blocks the activation of the receptor, returning a receptor to baseline. |
| What does an inverse agonist do? | Binds to a receptor and has the opposite effect of an agonist, depressing receptor activity. |
| What does a reuptake inhibitor do? | Blocks the reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse. |
| What is an example of an agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, and reuptake inhibitor? | Agonist - Morphine, Antagonist - Caffeine, Inverse agonist - Diphenhydramine, Reuptake inhibitor - Cocaine. |
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