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Unit 1 Semester 2
| Question | Answer | + | ++ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | The Industrial Revolution marked a transformative era of rapid innovation in transportation and manufacturing, shifting production from handmade goods to factory-based, machine-aided creation. | ||
| Sectionalism | In America (during the 1800’s) sectionalism refers to the different lifestyles, social structures, customs, and political values of the North, South and West. | ||
| The North's Perspective | Northern U.S. industry boomed due to new machine technology & factories. Businesses favored high tariffs to protect "Made in the USA" products from foreign competition, boosting profits & growth. | ||
| Were there a lot of rivers and waterways in the North? | Yes, and this was used for steam power | ||
| The South's Perspective | The cotton gin boosted short-staple profitability, ironically increasing the need for enslaved labor, entrenching the South's reliance on slavery and escalating regional tensions. | "King Cotton" ruled the South; the cotton boom led to larger plantations & a higher demand for slaves. Increased demand for cotton boosted slaves' value & number of enslaved people. | |
| The West's Perspective | The railroad accelerated American migration to the West by providing a much faster and safer means of transportation than walking or wagons. | The expansion of slavery into developing western territories caused severe disagreement, leading to a deeply fractured United States as new states applied for admission. | |
| Sectionalism | A strong loyalty to a particular region of the country | ||
| Negative Effects of Sectionalism | Disagreements, loyalty to a particular region, societal, political and geographical differences | ||
| What did Sectionalism lead to? | This will cause the Civil War, fought between the North and South from 1861-1865. | ||
| Why were southerners angry? | Many Southerners were angry because they believed the national government was intruding more and more on states’ rights. | ||
| States' Rights | Ability to make their own decisions | ||
| How did Southern states feel about the federal government's authority | Many Southern states felt that states should have final authority, not the national government. | ||
| How did Southerners feel about followings rules and regulations from the Federal Government | Many people in the South believed that states could choose which federal laws to obey. | ||
| (Southern) States’ Rights: | They felt that if a state didn’t like a law passed by the federal government, then they didn’t have to follow it. (TURN PAGE) | Many also believed that any state could withdraw, or secede, from the Union if it chose to do so. | Argument for states’ rights was often based on slavery |
| Nullification Crisis | During the 1800s, farming was the way of life in the South while numerous factories were being built in the North. | ||
| Northerners wanted to sell their goods in the South, but it was cheaper for Southerners to import goods from Europe. | |||
| In 1828, President Jackson put a tariff on imported goods to help Northern industries. | |||
| Why were southerners upset about these tariffs | Southerners were angry and opposed the tariff because it was put in place to help northern businessmen, rather than southern plantation owners. | ||
| What state to serious action to these tariffs | South Carolina | ||
| In 1832, South Carolina used the doctrine of nullification, saying that the tariff was not valid in the state and threatened to withdraw from the Union. | |||
| How did President Andrew Jackson act upon the threat of seceding the Union? | President Andrew Jackson threatened to attack South Carolina if they attempted to leave the union | ||
| What did the U.S. Constitution say about slavery | When the US Constitution was written, it did not include anything on slave labor. | ||
| Was slavery a matter of states' Rights? | Yes, slavery was a matter of states’ rights and each state could decide whether or not to allow slaves. | ||
| In the 1800s, slavery became a heated issue between the North and the South. | |||
| How did the North react to slavery? | People like Fredrick Douglas wanted to put an end to slavery and wanted to work more in industrial manufacturing businesses | ||
| How did the South react to slavery? | Slavery grew quick due to its agriculture-based economy along with cotton | ||
| Missouri was planning on being a _____ state | Slave | ||
| Missouri was a _____ state | Slave-free state | ||
| Slavery would not be allowed above the _ line | 36' 30 N Line | ||
| Who decided Slavery would not be allowed above the 36'30 N Line | The U.S. Congress Line | ||
| The U.S. Congress Line decided Slavery would not be allowed above the 36'30 N Line. What was this federal act called? | The Missouri Compromise | ||
| California wanted to be part of the union as a _____ state | Slave-free state | ||
| Why did California begin to be applied as one with the union? | Because of the Gold Rush that occurred causing many people to move into California | ||
| Everything was balanced until _____ became a state | California | ||
| Why did California cause an unbalance | Because it was a slave-free state | ||
| Due to this 1850 Compromise, what did Congress do? | Strike up another act | ||
| Due to this 1850 Compromise, Congress stroke up what act? | The Fugitive Slave Act | ||
| What was the Fugitive Slave Act | An act that guaranteed the return of any runaway slaves to their owners if they were caught in the North. | ||
| Did Georgia accept the compromise and only went with it if the North kept their word | Yes | ||
| When Kansan and Nebraska wanted to enter the Union, this would again bring a new discussion of slavery in the territories Congress decided to allow for _____ | Popular Sovereignty | ||
| Simply, what was popular sovereignty | When the people had authority and consent on the federal government. | ||
| Which 1860 Presidential candidate won the majority of the southern states' votes? | John C. Breckinridge | ||
| Abraham Lincoln | (Republican; prevent the expansion of slavery) | ||
| Stephen Douglas | (Northern Democrat) | ||
| John Breckinridge | (Southern Democrat) | ||
| John Bell | (wanted to avoid secession) | ||
| What did South Carolina do after Abraham was elected president in November | South Carolina secedes from the United States in December | ||
| What did other states (slave states) decide to do after seeing South Carolina secede? | The other slave states secede | ||
| After all the other states secede, what are these seceded states called? | The Confederate States of America | ||
| Abraham knew he had to declare war to reunited the country, but he knew it would be costly. So what was the plan? | The Anaconda Plan | ||
| What was the Anaconda Plan | A plan made by Lincoln and ___ | Winfield Scott | |
| What did Winfield think of for his plan | A plan that would quickly squeeze the South and cut it off from its life force: trade | ||
| What was the first part of the Anaconda Plan | Blockade, surrounding the Confederate states' coast with ships to prevent them from trading with other countries | ||
| What was the second part of the Anaconda Plan | Seizing important locations along the Mississippi river, which would cut the South in two pieces making it difficult to communicate and move resources | ||
| Battle of Antietam only lasted for a day in | Sep 17, 1862 | ||
| Where did Battle of Antietam take place | Sharpsburg, Maryland | ||
| The Battle of Antietam was the first major civil war that took place in ___ territory | Union Territory | ||
| This Battle was known as the bloodiest day in American history | |||
| Who won the battle | No one, it was so bad that it couldn't even be continued | ||
| Who claimed victory later on | Lincoln for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation | ||
| The Emancipation only frees slaves in rebellious states | |||
| Did the Emancipation free border states? | No | ||
| Why didn't the Emancipation free border states? | Because they were loyal to the union and weren't in rebellion | ||
| What did they use for blockades | Ironclads | ||
| What are Ironclads | Large ships made with iron | ||
| Sherman's war journey first started in | Chattanooga, Tennessee | ||
| The war in Chattanooga was a victory of ____ | Union | ||
| What was the first bloodiest war along with the second | Antietam War was the first bloodiest war, Chickamauga was the second bloodiest war | ||
| Did the Union win the Chickamauga war? | No, they had to retreat back to Chattanooga | ||
| The retreat was a jump-off point for | General William T. Sherman's Atlanta Campaign | ||
| What happened after this process | Sherman marched to/for Kennesaw Mountain | ||
| Did the Union win Kennesaw Mountiain War | No | ||
| Did the Union win Atlanta War | Yes | ||
| How did Sherman implement his war tactics | By burning and destroying important buildings, railroads and hubs | ||
| What is the March to the Sea | A destructive Union military campaign led by General William T. Sherman during the American Civil War | ||
| What was the Andersonville Prison | Andersonville Prison was a prison full of Union soldiers |
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