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unit 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mineral | is a naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition |
| element | are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical |
| atom | can be thought of as the building blocks of matte |
| compound | The chemical composition of a mineral is determined by the element or compound that makes up the mineral. |
| matter | is anything that has volume and mass. |
| crystal | is a solid, geometric form that results from a repeating pattern of atoms or molecules. |
| streak | A mineral’s streak is found by rubbing the mineral against a white tile called a streak plate |
| luster | When you say an object is shiny or dull, you are describing its luster |
| cleavage | |
| weathering | Weathering breaks down rock into fragments called sediment. |
| erosion | Water, wind, ice, and gravity can erode sediments |
| deposition | The process by which sediment comes to rest is called deposition |
| igneous rock | forms when magma or lava cools and hardens to become solid |
| sedimentary rock | from older rocks get pressed and cemented together. |
| metamorphic rock | change existing rock |
| rock cycle | Rocks may follow different pathways in the cycle |
| uplift | is the rising of regions of the crust to higher elevations |
| subsidence | is the sinking of regions of the crust to lower elevations |
| rift zone | is an area where a set of deep cracks form |
| crust | There are two types of crust—continental and oceanic |
| mantle | is located between the core and the crust. It is a region of hot, slow-flowing, solid rock |
| convection | is the movement of matter that results from differences in density caused by variations in temperature |
| core | is the movement of matter that results from differences in density caused by variations in temperature |
| lithosphere | The lithosphere is made of two parts—the crust and the rigid, upper part of the mantle. |
| asthenosphere | is a layer of weak or soft mantle that is made of rock that flows slowly |
| mesosphere | Rock in the mesosphere flows more slowly than rock in the asthenosphere does |
| Pangaea | As the continents collided to form Pangaea, mountains formed |
| sea-floor spreading | In this process, molten rock from inside Earth rises through the cracks in the ridges, cools, and forms new oceanic crust |
| plate tectonics | describes large-scale movements of Earth’s lithosphere, which is made up of the crust and the rigid, upper part of the mantle |
| tectonic plates | These plates move around on top of the asthenosphere |
| convergent boundary | form where two plates collide |
| divergent boundary | two plates move away from each other |
| transform boundary | However, the plate edges do not slide along smoothly |
| convection | It was thought that as the mantle convects, or moves, it would drag the overlying tectonic plates along with it |
| deformation | is the process by which rocks change shape when under stress |
| folding | occurs when rock layers bend under stress. The bends are called folds |
| fault | The blocks of rock on either side of the fault are called fault blocks |
| shear stress | is stress that pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions as seen in the image |
| tension | is stress that stretches or pulls rock apart |
| compression | is stress that squeezes or pushes rock together |
| earthquake | are ground movements that occur when blocks of rock in Earth move suddenly and release energy |
| focus | is a place within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
| epicenter | Seismic waves flow outward from the focus in all directions. |
| tectonic plate boundary | is where two or more tectonic plates meet |
| fault | is a break in Earth’s crust along which blocks of rock move |
| deformation | is the process by which rock becomes deformed and changes shape due to stress |
| elastic rebound | Earthquakes accompany the release of energy during elastic rebound |
| volcano | is any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground. |
| magma | is less dense than solid rock, so it rises toward the surface |
| lava | is magma that has reached Earth’s surface |
| vent | or opening of a volcano |
| tectonic plate | are giant sections of lithosphere on Earth’s surface |
| hot spot | is a location where a column of extremely hot mantle rock |
Created by:
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