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Gov Judicial Branch
Study for unit test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which Supreme Court case ruled that anti-espionage acts in wartime do not violate the 1st amendment | Schenk v. United States |
| Which amendment establishes protection against unlawful searches and seizures? | 4th amendment |
| What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called? | The Bill of Rights |
| Which amendment led to allowing the Bill of Rights to apply at the state level? | 14th Amendment |
| Which provision in the Constitution is supposed to insulate the federal Judicial Branch from U.S. politics? | Lifetime appointments for federal judges |
| True or False? Our dual court system refers to both the federal and state levels. | True |
| What is the highest court in the United States? | the Supreme Court |
| Which type of court can hear criminal cases: a trial court, an appellate court, or both? | both |
| Which type of court does not hear cases for the first time: a trial court, an appellate court, or both? | an appellate court |
| Which type of court has a jury trial: a trial court, an appellate court, or both? | a trial court |
| Cases that involve non-criminal matters are called what? | civil cases |
| What are "civil liberties"? | An individual's protections against the government |
| The means by which the Supreme Court has the authority to rule on the constitutionality of federal and state laws is called what? | "Judicial Review" |
| Which Supreme Court case established that the right to an attorney in criminal cases applies to the state level too? | Gideon v. Wainwright |
| Which Supreme Court case established that separate is inherently unequal, overturning racial segregation in education? | Brown v. Board of Education |
| What vote determines the outcome of a Supreme Court decision? (In other words, how many judges need to agree?) | a majority vote (i.e., 5 out of 9) |
| Whose duty is it to ensure that laws created by Congress are constitutional? | the Supreme Court's |
| What is the minimum age requirement for a Supreme Court Justice? | There is none. No minimum age. |
| Which Supreme Court case held that claiming certain information is classified is not enough to block publication by news organizations? | New York Times v. United States of America |
| How long can a Supreme Court Justice serve for? | For life. |
| The Formal Amendment Process has two steps: proposal and ratification. What are the necessary votes for each step? | Proposal requires 2/3 of both houses or of state legislatures); Ratification requires 3/4 of the states |
| Which amendment changed voting for president and vice-president to one vote for both? | 12th Amendment |
| Which amendment establishes protection against cruel and unusual punishment? | 8th Amendment |
| Which amendment establishes citizenship, due process, and equal protection of the law? | 14th Amendment |
| Which amendment guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race? | 15th Amendment |
| Which amendment abolished (got rid of) slavery? | 13th Amendment |
| Which amendment allows the government to collect income taxes? | 16th Amendment |
| Which amendment guarantees freedom of speech, religion, and the press? | 1st Amendment |
| Which Supreme Court case ruled that individuals' interests in freedom of religion outweighed a state's mandatory school attendance beyond 8th grade? | Wisconsin v. Yoder |
| Which Supreme Court case ruled that defendants in state court have the 6th Amendment right to an attorney regardless of ability to pay? | Gideon v. Wainwright |
| Which Supreme Court case ruled that an arrested person must be informed of their right to remain silent? | Miranda v. Arizona |
| Which Supreme Court case ruled that school newspapers can be controlled by the school's administration? | Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier |
| How can an amendment be proposed? | Either by a 2/3 vote in both chambers of Congress OR by 2/3 of the state legislatures requesting a national convention for one |
| What does the 9th Amendment do? | It states that rights not specifically mentioned in the Bill of Rights are still protected. |
| Which Supreme Court case ruled that writing about public figures is protected under the 1st Amendment right to free speech? | New York Times v. Sullivan |
| Which amendment lowered the voting age to 18? | 26th Amendment |
| Which amendment gave women the right to vote? | 19th Amendment |
| Which Supreme Court case ruled that armbands for students were protected speech under the 1st Amendment? | Tinker v. DesMoines |
| Which amendment made alcohol illegal? Which amendment overturned it and made alcohol legal again? | 18th Amendment, then the 21st Amendment |
| Which Supreme Court case ruled the 14th Amendment makes the 2nd Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense applicable to the states? | McDonald v. Chicago |
| Which amendment was ratified to limit presidents to two terms? | 22nd Amendment |
| What process did the Framers put in place to change the Constitution in the future? | the Formal Amendment Process |
| True or False? Freedom from enslavement is in the Bill of Rights. | False. Slavery was ended by the 13th Amendment. |
| Which part of the Constitution clarifies how the office of the President is transferred if the President dies? | 25th Amendment |
| How is an amendment ratified? | Either by 3/4 of state legislatures or by conventions in 3/4 of the states. |
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FLP2026