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Atoms
(WIP)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an Atom? | The smallest particles into which an element can be divided and still show the chemical properties of that element Atoms are the building blocks of elements, which are the building blocks of matter |
| What are the particles within an Atom? | Protons Neutrons Electrons |
| Protons are .... charged | Positively |
| Where are protons located | The nucleus |
| The relationship between protons and neutrons | Protons and Neutrons join together in the positively charged center of the atom, the nucleus |
| The role of the proton | Determines the identity of element |
| Symbol for proton | p⁺ |
| Neutrons are .... charged | No charges |
| Where are neutrons located | The nucleus |
| The relationship between protons and neutrons | Protons and Neutrons join together in the positively charged center of the atom, the nucleus |
| The role of the neutron | Keeps the nucleus together |
| Symbol for neutron | n⁰ |
| Electrons are .... charged | Negatively |
| Where are electrons located | Located in orbit around the nucleus |
| The role of the electron | Responsible for reactions, charge & chemical properties |
| Neutrons configure the mass | |
| Protons add to the mass | |
| Why are there more electrons on the farther orbits | Because the atom requires more energy (electrons) to get the same effect as the ones closest that require less energy |
| Symbol for electron | e⁻ |
| Atomic particles are measured in | Atomic mass units or amu |
| 1 amu is the size of a | Proton |
| Protons and neutrons are about the same | Size |
| Which is slightly bigger? Protons or neutrons | Neutrons are slightly bigger |
| Electrons are approximately the size of a proton | 1/1830 |
| What happens if you add or subtract a proton | A new element will occur |
| Add or subtract an atom | A molecule will occur |
| Add or subtract a neutron | An isotope will occur |
| What is an isotope | A variation of a chemical element that has a different number of neutrons in its atomic nucleus, but the same number of protons and electrons |
| Add or subtract an electron | An ion will occur |
| 1st shell holds up to | 2 |
| 2nd shell holds up to | 8 |
| 3rd shell holds up to | 18 |
| 4th shell holds up to | 32 |
| What are valence electrons | Outer energy levels |
| Who made the periodic table | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| Group numbers are the | Family which come in columns |
| Group numbers correspond to the amount of | Valence electrons is in an atom |
| If something has 8 valence electrons that means it's | Stable |
| If something has 8 valence electrons that means it's stable with the exception of Helium which has only | 2 valence electrons and is still stable |
| Period numbers are the | Periods which come in rows |
| Period numbers correspond to the amount of | Shells that surrounds an atom |
| Groups have the symbol ___ and comes after the number columns/groups they're in | A |
| Period have the symbol ___ and comes after the number rows/periods they're in | n |
| As a general trend, atomic radius ___ from right to left and top to bottom. | Increases |
| Elements in the same group or family have | Similar characteristics or properties. |
| The properties of Hydrogen do not match the properties of any single group, so it is set apart. It is above Group 1 because it has 1 electron in its outer energy level like Group 1. | |
| Alkali metals are in group | 1A |
| Alkali-Earth Metals | 2A |
| Transition Metals | In between |
| Boron Group | 3A |
| Carbon Group | 4A |
| Nitrogen Group | 5A |
| Oxygen Group | 6A |
| Halogen Group | 7A |
| Nobel Gases | 8A |
| Rare Earth Metals | Lanthanide and Actinides |
| The upper part of the Rare Earth Metals is | Lanthanide |
| The lower part of the Rare Earth Metals is | Actinides |
| Name 10 gasses the periodic table | H, He, N, O, F, Ne, Cl, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn |
| Name 2 liquids the periodic table | Br, Hg |
| Alkali Metal Qualities | Highly reactive, clay-like, silver, buoyant |
| Alkaline-Earth Metal Qualities | Fairly reactive, silver, found in rocks/rock-like |
| Transition Metal Qualities | Metals and, brightly colored, catalysts |
| Catalyst meaning | Can change it's reactivity |
| Boron Group Qualities | Boron is the only metalloid in this group, the rest are metals |
| Nitrogen Group Qualities | Family includes non-metals, metals and metalloids |
| Oxygen Group Qualities | Most elements in this family share electrons when forming compounds. They usually have very stinky odors |
| Halogen Group Qualities | All non-metals, reactive, bad odor, don't dissolve in water well, reacts with most metals and non-metals, burns flesh |
| Nobel Gases Qualities | Not very reactive, don't compound much, very stable, glows through electrical current |
| Lanthanide Series Qualities | Shiny reactive metals Most found in nature |
| Actinides Series Qualities | Radioactive and unstable Most are man-made & not stable in nature |
| Metal Qualities | Shiny, solid at room temperature, very conductive, malleable, ductile |
| Malleable | (of a metal or other material) able to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking. |
| Ductile | (of a metal) able to be drawn out into a thin wire. |
| Nonmetals Qualities | Not shiny, mostly gaseous at room temperature, poor conductors, brittle |
| Metalloids Qualities | Solid at room temperature, brittle, hard, semiconductors |
| Atomic mass ___ as you move left to right and up to down | Increases |
| Atomic radius size ___ as you move right to left and up to down | Increases |
| Boiling points and melting points are the highest at | 14A |
| Boiling points and melting points are the lowest at | 1A and 18A |
| Boiling points and melting points increase as you go across and down the periodic table, vary as you go across the periodic table. | |
| Solubility ___ as you go up and left to right on the periodic table | Increase |
| Solubility | Able to be dissolved |
| Reactivity of Elements are lowest around | 13A to 14 |
| Reactivity of Elements are highest at | 1A and 18A |
| The Nobel gases are ____ when it comes to reactivity | Inert |
| In general, Elements located on the left of the Periodic Table are most reactive metals, least reactive metals in the middle, and nonmetals on the right. | |
| Name me all the metalloids | B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po |
| Name me all the non-metals | H, He, C, N, O, F, Ne, P, S, Cl, Ar, Se, Br, Kr, I, Xe, At, Rn |
| Everything else is metal | |
| Hydrogen is not inert |
Created by:
gunn135h4nn0n