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Unit 6

Meterology

TermDefinition
Atmosphere The layer of gasses that surround a planet or moon
Altitude The vertical elevation of an object above a surface (such as sea level or land)
Ozone layer Section (layer) in the stratosphere that protects Earth from radiation
Troposphere Layer of Earth’s atmosphere that is closest to Earth’s surface; temperature and pressure decrease as altitude increases; where all weather occurs
How temp changes with altitude Troposphere-DECREASE Stratosphere-INCREASE Mesosphere-DECREASE Thermosphere-INCREASE (Exo-INCREASE)
Types of heat transfer Radiation - sun or waves Conduction - contact or touching Convection - movement
Cause of wind All winds are caused by differences in air pressure caused by the unequal heating of the Earth’s surfaces.
Local winds Winds that blow over short distances due to uneven heating in small areas.
Humidity The amount of water vapor in the air
Air masses Define: a very large volume of air that has a specific temperature and moisture content. Naming: first name = moisture content (humid or dry) Second name = temperature (warm or cool)
Tornado formation A tornado forms when a cP and a mT air mass collide. The mT air mass quickly rises into the atmosphere carrying moisture with it. This combined with varying winds cause the storm to spin.
Global Winds Winds that blow over long distances due to uneven heating across large areas
Stratosphere The second layer of Earth's Atmosphere and where the ozone layer lies. Temperature increases with altitude.
Mesosphere This is the third layer of Earth's Atmosphere, and it is also the coldest. Radio waves are also reflected to Earth.
Thermosphere This is the Fourth layer of Earth's Atmosphere and is also the hottest. Curtains of light called Auroras occur here. Temperature increases with altitude.
Exosphere The outermost layer of Earth's Atmosphere. Temperature increases with altitude.
Heat The energy transferred from a hitter object to a cooler one.
Convection The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid. Ex: Heating soup in a pan on the stove.
Conduction The direct transfer of heat from one substance in contact with another. Ex: Touching a hot pan with your hand
Radiation The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Ex: Sun's energy traveling through space and reaching Earth
Hadley Cells Convection Cycles along the Equator.
Substances Rise When Temperature Increases and Density Decreases
Substances Fall When Temperature Decreases and Density Increases
Wind Movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
What causes wind? Differences in air pressure and the unequal heating of Earth's surfaces
Trade winds Steady Easterly Winds
Prevailing Westerlies Winds that blow from west to east
Polar Easterlies Polar winds that blow to the west.
3 types of Global winds Trade Winds, Prevailing Westerlies and Polar Easterlies
2 types of Local Winds Sea Breezes and Land Breezes
Sea Breezes Occur in the Day time, wind moves from the sea to the land
Land Breezes Occur At Night, wind moves from the land to the sea
This needs to occur for there to be little to no breeze Land and Water need to be the same temperature, This happens at dusk and dawn
Continental Air Mass Forms over land and has dry air cT: Continental Tropical cP: Continental Polar
Maritime Air Mass Forms over water and has moist (humid) air mT: Maritime Tropical mP: Maritime Polar
Polar Air Mass Forms close to the poles and has cold air
Tropical Air Mass Forms close to the equator and has warm air
 

 



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