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evolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolution | change over time |
| gene | is a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait |
| mutations | changes in DNA |
| genetic drift | biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| natural selection | traits that improve an organisms chances for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to offspring than those that do not |
| fitness | how reproductively sucessfull an organism is in its environment |
| adaptation | a heritable trait that increases an individuals fitness |
| artificail selection | a human controlled process to produce individuals with certain traits |
| speciation | the process by which new species are generated |
| extinction | the disapperance of a species from earth |
| niche | an organisms habitat , resource use , and fundamental role in a community |
| tolerance | the ability to survive and reproduce under changing the enviromental conditions |
| resource partitioning | a process that allows different species to share common resources |
| predation | the process by which individuals of one species hunt , capture , and feed on idividuals of another species |
| coevolution | the process by which two species evolve in response to change in each other |
| parasitism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which one organism ( the parasite ) depends on the other ( host ) for some benefit |
| symbiosis | a long term and physical close relationship between two organisms from different species in which at least one organisms benefits ( commesalism , mutualism , and parasitism ) |
| herbivory | an organism that eats plants |
| mutualism | a relationship between two organims from different species in which both organisms benefit |
| commensalism | a relationship between two organisms from different species in which one benefits and the other is unaffected |
| primary producers | an organisms that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it , also called autotroph |
| photosynthesis | the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars , releasing oxygen |
| chemosynthesis | the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds if hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| consumers | an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients |
| cellular respiration | the process by which by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars producing carbon dioxide and water |
| herbivores | an organisms that eats plants |
| carnivores | an animal kills and eats other animals |
| omnivores | an animal that eats both plants and animals |
| dertrivores | an organism that scavenges the waste products or dead bodies of other community members |
| decomposers | an organisms that breaks down non living matter into simple parts that can be taken up and reused by primary producers |
| trophic level | a rank in feeding heriarchy |
| biomass | the total amount of living tissue in a trophic level |
| food chain | a linear series of feeding relationships |
| food web | a diagram of feeding relationships and energy flow showing the paths by which nutrients and energy pass from organism to organism as one consumers another |
| keystone species | a species that has a strong or wide -ranging impact on a community |
| succession | a somewhat predictable of changes over time in a community |
| primary succession | the somewhat predictable series of changes ina community that follows a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains |
| pioneer species | one of the first species to colonized newly exposed land |
| secondary seccession | a somewhat predictable series of changes in a community that follows a disturbance that dramatically alter the community but does not destroy vegetation or soil life |
| invasive species | a nonnative species that spreads widely in a community |
Created by:
tallie58$