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chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | change over time |
| Gene | sequence of DNA that codes a trait |
| mutations | changes in DNA |
| genetic drift | biological change by chance |
| Natural selection | traits evolve to improve an organisms survival rate |
| Fitness | how reproductively successful an organism is in its environment |
| adaptation | a heritable trait that increases an individuals fitness |
| artificial selection | letting nature "select" the best traits for a species survival. |
| speciation | where new species are generated |
| extinction | the disappearance of a species of earth |
| toleracne | where and how an organism lives |
| resource partitioning | partion or divide a common resource between species. |
| niche | describes its use of resources and it's function in a community |
| predation | is the process where a predator consumes prey |
| Coevolution | predator and prey relationships |
| Paratism | where one organism the parasite relies on the other the host for nourishment and survival. |
| symbiosis | a long lasting physical relationship with at least one organism present |
| herbivory | insects that feed on plants |
| mutualism | a relationship in which two or more species benefit |
| primary producers | organisms that capture energy from the sun and store it in the bonds of sugar making it available to the rest of the community. |
| Photosynthesis | where primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| chemosynthesis | bacteria use energy stored in the bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| consumers | organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients |
| cellular respiration | organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars such as glucose. |
| herbivores | organisms that eat plants only |
| carnivores | organisms that kill and eat other animals |
| omnivores | organisms that eat both plants and other animals |
| detrivores | organisms that recycle and consume detritus |
| Decomposer | fungi bacteria, organisms that break down nonliving matter into simpler parts. |
| trophic level | an organisms rank in its feeding hierarchy |
| biomass | the total amount of living tissue it contains |
| food chain | a linear series of feeding relationships |
| food web | a visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow |
| keystone species | a species that has strong or wide reaching impact on a community |
| sucession | when a community experiences a somewhat predictable series of changes over time |
| primary sucession | when a disturbance is so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains |
| pioneer species | well adapted for colonization |
| secondary succession | soil from previous ecosystem remains. |
| invasive species | when a new organism arrives from elsewhere. |
Created by:
jaydden