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chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolution | a general term which means "changes over time". |
| gene | a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait |
| mutations | are changes in DNA |
| genetic drift | biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| natural selection | a process by which traits that improve an organisms chance of survival and repoduction are passed on more frequently |
| fitness | describes how repoductively sucsessful and organism is in its enviornment |
| adaption | an heritable trait that increases an individuals fitness is called an adaption |
| artificial selection | this process of selection conducted under human direction is termed artificial selection |
| speciation | the process by which new species aare generalated is called speciation |
| extinction | the disepearence of a species from earth is called extinction |
| niche | an organisms niche describes its use of resources and its functional role in a commmunity |
| tolerance | tolerance is the ability to survive and reproduce under changing enviornmental conditions |
| resource partitioning | this process is called resource paritioning because the species partition or divide,the resource they use in common specilizing different ways |
| predation | is the process by which an indiviual of one species, a predator, hunts, captures, kills, and consumes and individual of another species |
| coevultion | is the process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| parasitism | is a relationship in which one organism, the parasite, depends on another,,the host for nourishment or some other benefit |
| symbiosis | a long lasting and physically close relationship in which at least one organism benefits |
| herbivory | the interaction in which an animal feeds on a plany is called herbivory |
| mutualism | a relationship in which two or more species benefit is called mutualism |
| connemsalim | describes a relationship in which on species benefits and the other is unaffected |
| primary producers | organisms that acquire their energy from sunlight and materials from nonliving sources |
| photosythesis | is the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| consumers | organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients are called heterotrophs, or consumers. |
| cellular respiration | is a process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars such as glucose releasing carbon dioxide and water as a by product |
| herbivores | most primary consumers such as deer and grasshoppers eat plant and are called herbivores |
| carnivores | most secondary and tertiary consumers kill and eat other animals and are called carnivores |
| omnivore | animals that eat both plant an animal food are called omnivores |
| decomposers | decomposers such as fungi and bacteria break down non living matter into simpler parts and be reused |
| trophic level | an organisms trophic level is its rank in a feeding hierarchy |
| biomass | the total amount of living tissue it contains |
| food chain | a linear series of feeding relationships |
| food web | is a visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow |
| keystone species | a speciers that has strong or wide reaching impact on a community is called a keystone species |
| succession | when this occurs a community expierences a somewhat predictable series of changes over time that ecologists call successions |
| primary succession | when a disturbence is so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains primary succession occurs |
| pioneer species | species that colonize the newly exposed land first are called pioneer species. |
| secondary succession | unlike primary succession begins when a disturbance such as fire,logging or farming dramatically alters an existing community |
| invasive species | an invasive species is a nonnative organism that spreads widely in a community |
Created by:
logandehaut