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Ch 5 1-2-3-4

TermDefinition
Evolution Change overtime.
Gene Sequence of DNA codes for a particular trait.
Mutations Accidental changes in DNA.
Genetic drift Biological evolution that occurs by chance.
Natural selection The process by which traits that improve an organism's chances for survival.
Fitness How reproductively successful an organism is in its environment.
Adaption A heritable trait that increases an individual's fitness.
Artificial selection The process of selection conducted under human direction.
Speciation the process by which the new species are generated.
Extinction The disappearance of a species from earth.
Niche Its use of resources and its functional role in a community.
Tolerance The ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions.
Resource partitioning the cycle of the times species eat throughout a day.
Predation The process by which an individual of one species, a predator, hunts, captures, kills, and consumes an individual of another species, the prey.
Coevolution The process by which two species evolve in response to a change in each other.
Parasitism A relationship in which one organism, the parasite depends on another, the host, for nourishment or some other benefit.
Symbiosis a long-lasting and physically close relation.
Herbivory the interaction in which an animal feeds on a plant.
Mutualism A relationship in which two or more species benefit.
Commensalism Describes a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
Primary producers organisms, such as plants and phytoplankton, that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Photosynthesis The process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen on the way.
Chemosynthesis Primary producers such as bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars .
Consumers Organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients.
Herbivores Organisms that consume producers are known as primary consumers. Most primary consumers like deer ,and grasshoppers, eat plants. that is called herbivores.
Carnivores Wolves that prey on deer are considered secondary consumers. Tertiary consumers kill and eat animals is called carnivores.
Omnivores Animals that eat both plants and animal food.
Detritivores Milipedes and soil and insects consume detritus - non-living organic matter.
Decomposers dead bodies fungi and bacteria that break down in non-living matter into simpler parts.
Trophic level A rank in a feeding hierarchy.
Biomass The total amount of living tissue it contains.
Food web A visual map of feeding relationships in a community.
Keystone species A species that has a strong or wide-reaching impact on a community.
Succession A community experiencing a somewhat predictable series of changes overtime.
Primary succession A community built essentially from scratch.
Pioneer species Species that colonize the newly exposed land first. d
Secondary succession When a disturbance such as fire,logging, or farming, dramatically alters an existing community.
Invasive species A nonnative organism that spreads widely in a community.
Cellular respiration The process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy.
Food chain A liner series of feeding relationships.
Created by: unicornfarts34
 

 



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