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Chapter 5 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | any net directional change or any cumulative change in the characteristics of organisms or populations over many generations |
| Gene | the basic physical and functional unit of heredity |
| Mutations | any change in the DNA sequence of a cell |
| Genetic Drift | the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance |
| Fitness-a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success | Natural Selection-a mechanism of evolution |
| Adaptation | feature that arose and was favored by natural selection for its current function |
| Artificial Selection | an evolutionary process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms |
| Speciation | how a new kind of plant or animal species is created |
| Extinction | the death of all members of a species of plants, animals, or other organisms. |
| Niche | niche is that organism's role within that environment. |
| Tolerance | willingness to accept feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from your own. |
| Resource Partitioning | the mechanism by which multiple microbial species utilize different metabolites for energy, |
| Predation | a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. |
| Coevolution | reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species |
| Parasitism | a relationship between the two living species in which one organism is benefitted at the expense of the other |
| Symbiosis | a close, prolonged association between two or more different biological species |
| Herbivory | a form of consumption in which an organism principally eats autotrophs such as plants, algae and photosynthesizing bacteria |
| Mutualism | one type of these relationships where both species involved benefit to some extent with neither species being harmed |
| Primary Producers | organisms that acquire their energy from sunlight and materials from nonliving sources |
| Photosynthesis | A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight |
| Chemosynthisis | the biological process by which chemical energy is converted into carbohydrates for the organism's food |
| Consumers | organisms that need to eat to obtain energy |
| Cellular Respiration | a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP |
| Herbivores | an animal anatomically and physiologically evolved to feed on plants, especially upon vascular tissues such as foliage, fruits or seeds, as the main component of its diet. |
| Carnivores | an animal that feeds on other animals |
| Omnivores | an organism that eats plants and animals |
| Detritivores | an organism that survives on a diet of dead and decaying plant and animal matter |
| Decomposers | any organism that breaks down or eats decaying material |
| Trophic Level | the position it occupies in a food web |
| Biomass | renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals |
| Food Chain | a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another |
| Food Web | consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem |
| Keystone Speices | species with significant influence in their natural environment |
| Successtion | the order in which or the conditions under which one person after another succeeds to a property, dignity, title, or throne |
| Primary Succession | follows the formation of a totally new habitat |
| Pioneer Speices | the initial plant species that colonize disturbed or barren environments |
| Secondary Succession | the process of ecological succession that occurs in an area where soil is already present |
| Invasive Speices | nonnative organism (disease, parasite, plant, or animal) that begins to spread or expand its range from the site of its original introduction and that has the potential to cause harm to the environment, the economy, or to human health. |
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