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chapter 1 3-4

QuestionAnswer
Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
Compound A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion.
Carbonhydrate An energy-rich organic compound, such as sugar or a starch, that is made of he element carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Lipid An energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Protein Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Enzyme 1. A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing. 2. A biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy or reaction in cells.
Nucleic acid A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the function of life.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
Double helix The shape of a DNA molecule.
Selectively permeable A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while other cannot.
Passive transport The movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using cellular energy.
Diffusion The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of owner concentration.
Osmosis The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Active transport The movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy.
Endocytosis The process by which the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particles.
Exocytosis The process by which the vacuole surrounding particles fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell.
Created by: aburgtorf001
 

 



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