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HW: Ch8A.1 (222-228)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arteries | vital products from the heart to body cells through a vast network of blood vessels |
| capillaries | arteries branch into smaller vessels until they become microscopic vessels |
| venules | larger blood vessels |
| veins | the vessels that returns blood to the heart to begin the cycle again |
| leaflets | flat leaf shaped structures that comprise the valves of the heart and prevent the backflow of blood |
| lumen | tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body space within an artery vein intestine or tube |
| regurgitation | backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening |
| sphincters | circular muscles found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constrict or dilate to regulate passage of substances through its opening |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow usually as a result of diseases medications or physiological processes |
| vasodilation | widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls |
| viscosity | thickness or a measure of how resistant a liquid is to flowing |
| artery | major blood vessel that carry blood throughout the body |
| capillary | major blood vessel that carry blood throughout the body |
| vein | major blood vessel that carry blood throughout the body |
| tunica external | the outer coat composed of an artery that is composed of connective tissue that provides strength and flexibility |
| tunica media | the middle layer composed of smooth muscle |
| tunica intima | the thin inner lining of the lumen of a vessel composed of endothelial cells that provide a smooth surface on the inside of the vessel |
| pulse | the surge of blood felt in the arteries when blood is pumped from the heart |
| oxygen O2 | arterial blood contains a high concentration of |
| arterioles | smaller arteries |
| capillaries | microscopic vessels that join the arterial system with the venous system |
| valves | small structures within veins that prevent the backflow of blood |
| heart | muscular pump that propels blood to the entire body through a closed vascular network |
| pericardium | the heart is enclosed in a sac |
| endocardium | a serous membrane that lines the four chambers of the heart and its valves and is continuous within the endothelium of the arteries and veins |
| myocardium | the muscular layer of the heart |
| epicardium | the outermost layer of the heart |
| right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA) | two upper chambers that collect blood |
| right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) | two lower chambers that pump blood from the heart |
| pulmonary circulation | the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs |
| systemic circulation | the left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body |
| superior vena cava | collects and carries blood from the upper body |
| inferior vena cava | collects and carries blood from the lower body |
| tricuspid valve | consists of the leaflets |
| left pulmonary artery | blood leaves the right ventricle by way of |
| right pulmonary artery | blood travels to the lungs |
| pulmonic valve (pulmonary semilunar valve) | prevents regurgitation of blood into the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery |
| right pulmonary veins and left pulmonary veins | there are 2 of each of these and they carry oxygenated blood back to the heart |
| mitral (bicuspid) valve | a structure consisting of two leaflets |
| aorta | the largest artery of the body |
| aortic semilunar valve (aortic valve) | permits blood to flow in only one direction from the left ventricle to the aorta |
| right coronary artery | the artery vascularizing the right side of the heart |
| left coronary artery | the artery vascularizing the left side of the heart |
| left anterior descending artery | one branch of the left coronary artery |
| circumflex artery | one branch of the left coronary artery |
| conduction tissue | specialized cardiac tissue |
| sinoatrial (SA) node | located in the upper portion of the right atrium and possess its own intrinsic rhythm |
| pacemaker | the SA node is known as |
| autonomic nervous system | the cardiac rate may be altered by impulses from |
| atrioventricular (AV) node | causes the atria to contract |
| bundle of His (or AV bundle) | composed of a right and left branch, a tract of conduction fibers |
| purkinje fibers | extend up the ventricle walls |
| electrocardiograph | an instrument to record |
| P wave | the depolarization (contraction) of the atria |
| QRS complex | the depolarization (contraction) of the ventricles |
| T wave | the repolarization (recovery) of the ventricles |
| blood pressure (BP) | the force exerted by blood against the arterial walls during the two phases of a heartbeat |
| systole | the contraction phase |
| diastole | the relaxation phase |
| sphygmomanometer | measure blood pressure which you record as two figured separated by a diagonal line |
| Blood enters which chamber of the heart from the body? | right atrium |
| Blood enters which chamber of the heart from the lungs? | left atrium |
| What blood vessel brings blood to the heart from the body? | superior vena cava |
| What blood vessel leaves the heart to carry blood to the body? | aorta |
| The top chambers of the heart are called? | right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA) |
| The bottom chambers of the heart are called? | right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) |
| What part of the heart delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs? | right ventricle |
| The bicuspid valve is located on the _______ side of the heart. | left |
| Blood leaves the right at atrium and enters the right ventricle through the _______ valve. | tricuspid |
| Blood leaves the left at atrium and enters the left ventricle through the _______ valve. | mitral |
| Blood that enters the right atrium is (oxygenated/deoxygenated). | deoxygenated |
| Blood that leaves the left ventricle is (oxygenated/deoxygenated). | oxygenated |
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