Question 1

Phase of translation 3

Accepted Answer

Direct
indirect
idiomatic

Question 2

Translation 1 Direct

Accepted Answer

Litteral translation

Question 3

Translation 2 Indirect

Accepted Answer

Use of transposition and modulation

Question 4

transposition

Accepted Answer

change of grammatical category

Question 5

modulation

Accepted Answer

change in the pov (passif-actif)

Question 6

Translation 3 Idiomatic

Accepted Answer

expression

Question 7

Canonical Order

Accepted Answer

Subject-verb-complement

Question 8

New info in French

Accepted Answer

At the beginning

Question 9

new info in english

Accepted Answer

at the end

Question 10

A noun phrase

Accepted Answer

composed by a determiner (the)
and a noun (cat) => The cat

Question 11

a verb phrase

Accepted Answer

composed by a verb (play)
and a noun phrase (the piano)=>play the piano

Question 12

1.1Dick thompson, a young Welsh farmer, has given up  hope.

Accepted Answer

Jeune agriculteur gallois, Dick Thompson a abandonné tout espoir

Question 13

1.1.1Cas syntactic inversion SV  dans le haut registre

Accepted Answer

Après un adverbe négatif  (no inv)
après l'adverbe well
quand l'accent est sur le complement
une comparaison (as)
So/such  ou adverb
après had,should,and were (transposition
in reported speech

Question 14

1.1.1No sooner had she opened the door than/when she heard the phone ring.

Accepted Answer

A peine eut-elle ouvert la porte qu'elle entendit le téléphone sonner

Question 15

1.1.1Hardly/Scarcely had she been home when Janet arrived

Accepted Answer

a peine fut-elle rentrée que Janet arriva

Question 16

1.1.1Under no circumstances will i apologize

Accepted Answer

en ancun cas, je ne m'excuserai

Question 17

1.1.1Seldom/rarely have i heard such nonsense

Accepted Answer

rarement je n'ai entendu de telles idioties

Question 18

1.1.1only then he understand the seriousness of the situation

Accepted Answer

ce n'est qu'alors qui comprit la gravité de la situation

Question 19

1.1.1Not only is susan very pretty but she is also intelligent

Accepted Answer

non seulement Susan est très jolie mais elle est aussi intelligente

Question 20

1.1.1Little does he realize what the future holds in store for him

Accepted Answer

il est loin de se rendre compte de ce que l'avenir lui réserve

Question 21

1.1.2  Well do I remember that day

Accepted Answer

je m'en souviens de ce jour!

Question 22

1.1.3  • ENGL: In the middle of the room was a wooden table.

Accepted Answer

• FR: Au milieu de la pièce se trouvait une table en bois.

Question 23

1.1.3• ENGL: In the garden stood an old tree.

Accepted Answer

1• FR: Dans le jardin se dressait un vieil arbre.

Question 24

1.1.3On the grass lay the body of a knight. 
BUT no inversion if pronoun (he lay)

Accepted Answer

• FR: Sur l’herbe gisait le corps d’un chevalier.

Question 25

1.1.3• ENGL: There once lived an ugly witch.

Accepted Answer

• FR: Là vivait autrefois une vilaine sorcière

Question 26

1.1.4 He was a communist, as were all his schoolmates

Accepted Answer

il était communiste, comme l'étaient tous ses condisciples

Question 27

1.1.4 she went to church every Sunday,as did all the women in the village

Accepted Answer

elle allait à l'eglise tous les dimanche, comme le faisaient toutes les femmes du village

Question 28

1.1.5 so amazed was i that i stood gaping

Accepted Answer

ma stupéfaction fut telle que j'en suis restée bouche bée

Question 29

1.1.5 So silently did he come in that nobody noticed him

Accepted Answer

il entra si silencieusement que personne ne le remarqua

Question 30

1.1.5 such was his surprise that he remained speechless

Accepted Answer

sa surprise fut telle qu'il resta sans voix

Question 31

1.1.6  Had Napoleon won the battle of Waterloo, the future of Europe would have 
been totally different.

Accepted Answer

: Si Napoléon avait remporté la bataille de Waterloo, l’avenir de l’Europe aurait été 
tout à fait différent.

Question 32

1.1.6 • ENGL: Should you be in Paris, please come and see us.

Accepted Answer

• FR: Si d’aventure vous vous trouviez à Paris, n’hésitez pas à passer nous voir.

Question 33

1.1..7 After verb tosay, to reply 
i"'ll come back tomorrow"said he

Accepted Answer

"je reviendrai demain" a t-il dit

Question 34

1.2 Syntactic inversion SV lower register

Accepted Answer

After Neither:nor:so
after here or participle of movement

Question 35

1.2.1 I am so tired. So am i

Accepted Answer

je suis fatigué. moi aussi

Question 36

1.2.1 I like her. so do i

Accepted Answer

je l'aime bien . moi aussi

Question 37

1.2.1 I won't tell my parents. Neither will i

Accepted Answer

je ne dirai rien à mes parents. Moi non plus

Question 38

1.2.1 I have never been to Canada. Nor have I

Accepted Answer

Je ne suis jamais allé au Canada.Moi non plus

Question 39

1.2.1 Here comes the sun

Accepted Answer

voila le soileil qui arrive

Question 40

1.2.2 up goes the monkey

Accepted Answer

et hop, le singe qui monte

Question 41

1.3. No inversion SV when

Accepted Answer

subject is a personal pronoun
in indirect  interrogative clause
in relatives (prop donne info supp)
after perhaps/maybe/so

Question 42

1.3.1 He he comes

Accepted Answer

voila qu'il arrive

Question 43

1.3.2 she asked me where the dog was

Accepted Answer

elle me demanda où était le chien

Question 44

1.3.3 they never found the place where the treasure had been hidden

Accepted Answer

ils ne trouvèrent jamais l'endroit où avait été caché le trésor

Question 45

1.3.4 perhaps he has missed his bus

Accepted Answer

peut-être a-t-il manqué son bus

Question 46

1.3.4 i knew he'd get mad, so i didn't tell him anything

Accepted Answer

je savais qu'il se facherait, aussi je ne lui ai rien dit.

Question 47

1.5 D'autres types d'inversion  quand l'accent est

Accepted Answer

on the complement
the adverbial particle
the subject
a clause

Question 48

1.5.1 Amad world it certainly is

Accepted Answer

c'est assurément un monde de fou mais 
inversion si = que ce monde soit fou, cela ne fait aucun doute

Question 49

1.5.1 unhappy though i was, i did not show anything

Accepted Answer

meme si j'etais malheureux, je n'en montrai rien.
ou Tout malheureux que j'étais, .... (inv)

Question 50

1.5.2 away he starts once more on the adventure

Accepted Answer

le voila qui repart vers l'aventure

Question 51

1.5.3 she's a good lass, is Mary

Accepted Answer

c'est une brave fille que Mary

Question 52

1.5.4  (that he had fled the country) i now doubted very much

Accepted Answer

je doutais maintenant sérieusement (qu'il eut eut quitté le pays)

Question 53

1.5.4 that he was going to be elected was obvious

Accepted Answer

il était évident qu'il allait être élu

Question 54

1.6 lcase of elliptic sentences in english

Accepted Answer

verb-free sentences
omission of to be in headlines
omission of relatives pronouns  (A.B.C.D)
omission of personnal pronouns (subjects)
non-repeated verbs phrases
question tags
omission in possesiv case

Question 55

1.6.1 What an unbelievable story!

Accepted Answer

quelle histoire incroyable

Question 56

1.6.2 Labour  (was) denied fair say

Accepted Answer

le parti travailliste n'a pas eu voix au chapitrez

Question 57

1.6.3 omission of relative pronouns

Accepted Answer

a) In defining clauses (pronoun = complement)
b) Pronoun used with a preposition (placed at the end of the sentence)
c) After There is… (pronoun = subject)
d) Pronoun + be: passive voice in non-defining clauses (pronoun = subject)

Question 58

1.6.3 A the book he gave me is fascinating
(the book wich/that)

Accepted Answer

le livre qu'il m'a donné est fascinant

Question 59

1.6.3.A the women (whom/that) we encountered is fascinating

Accepted Answer

la femme que nous avons rencontrée est fascinante

Question 60

1.6.3.B the play  (of) which)) you spoke( of)

Accepted Answer

la pièce dont tu m'a parlé

Question 61

1.6.3.B the women (of) whom)) you spoke (of)

Accepted Answer

La femme dont tu as parlé

Question 62

1.6.3.C there's a job wants doing

Accepted Answer

voila un travail qui a besoin d'être fait

Question 63

1.6.3.D the man, eventually deemed innocent,spent ten years in jail

Accepted Answer

cet homme,dont on a finit par reconnaitre l'innocence,passadix années en prison.

Question 64

1.6.4 L: I thought him very peculiar. Never left his cabin all day… Giggling a lot, too. 
(informal) 
= He never left his cabin / He was giggling

Accepted Answer

e le trouvais très étrange. Il ne quittait jamais sa cabine dans la journée… Il pouffait 
beaucoup, aussi

Term	Definition
Phase of translation 3	Direct indirect idiomatic
Translation 1 Direct	Litteral translation
Translation 2 Indirect	Use of transposition and modulation
transposition	change of grammatical category
modulation	change in the pov (passif-actif)
Translation 3 Idiomatic	expression
Canonical Order	Subject-verb-complement
New info in French	At the beginning
new info in english	at the end
A noun phrase	composed by a determiner (the) and a noun (cat) => The cat
a verb phrase	composed by a verb (play) and a noun phrase (the piano)=>play the piano
1.1Dick thompson, a young Welsh farmer, has given up hope.	Jeune agriculteur gallois, Dick Thompson a abandonné tout espoir
1.1.1Cas syntactic inversion SV dans le haut registre	Après un adverbe négatif (no inv) après l'adverbe well quand l'accent est sur le complement une comparaison (as) So/such ou adverb après had,should,and were (transposition in reported speech
1.1.1No sooner had she opened the door than/when she heard the phone ring.	A peine eut-elle ouvert la porte qu'elle entendit le téléphone sonner
1.1.1Hardly/Scarcely had she been home when Janet arrived	a peine fut-elle rentrée que Janet arriva
1.1.1Under no circumstances will i apologize	en ancun cas, je ne m'excuserai
1.1.1Seldom/rarely have i heard such nonsense	rarement je n'ai entendu de telles idioties
1.1.1only then he understand the seriousness of the situation	ce n'est qu'alors qui comprit la gravité de la situation
1.1.1Not only is susan very pretty but she is also intelligent	non seulement Susan est très jolie mais elle est aussi intelligente
1.1.1Little does he realize what the future holds in store for him	il est loin de se rendre compte de ce que l'avenir lui réserve
1.1.2 Well do I remember that day	je m'en souviens de ce jour!
1.1.3 • ENGL: In the middle of the room was a wooden table.	• FR: Au milieu de la pièce se trouvait une table en bois.
1.1.3• ENGL: In the garden stood an old tree.	1• FR: Dans le jardin se dressait un vieil arbre.
1.1.3On the grass lay the body of a knight. BUT no inversion if pronoun (he lay)	• FR: Sur l’herbe gisait le corps d’un chevalier.
1.1.3• ENGL: There once lived an ugly witch.	• FR: Là vivait autrefois une vilaine sorcière
1.1.4 He was a communist, as were all his schoolmates	il était communiste, comme l'étaient tous ses condisciples
1.1.4 she went to church every Sunday,as did all the women in the village	elle allait à l'eglise tous les dimanche, comme le faisaient toutes les femmes du village
1.1.5 so amazed was i that i stood gaping	ma stupéfaction fut telle que j'en suis restée bouche bée
1.1.5 So silently did he come in that nobody noticed him	il entra si silencieusement que personne ne le remarqua
1.1.5 such was his surprise that he remained speechless	sa surprise fut telle qu'il resta sans voix
1.1.6 Had Napoleon won the battle of Waterloo, the future of Europe would have been totally different.	: Si Napoléon avait remporté la bataille de Waterloo, l’avenir de l’Europe aurait été tout à fait différent.
1.1.6 • ENGL: Should you be in Paris, please come and see us.	• FR: Si d’aventure vous vous trouviez à Paris, n’hésitez pas à passer nous voir.
1.1..7 After verb tosay, to reply i"'ll come back tomorrow"said he	"je reviendrai demain" a t-il dit
1.2 Syntactic inversion SV lower register	After Neither:nor:so after here or participle of movement
1.2.1 I am so tired. So am i	je suis fatigué. moi aussi
1.2.1 I like her. so do i	je l'aime bien . moi aussi
1.2.1 I won't tell my parents. Neither will i	je ne dirai rien à mes parents. Moi non plus
1.2.1 I have never been to Canada. Nor have I	Je ne suis jamais allé au Canada.Moi non plus
1.2.1 Here comes the sun	voila le soileil qui arrive
1.2.2 up goes the monkey	et hop, le singe qui monte
1.3. No inversion SV when	subject is a personal pronoun in indirect interrogative clause in relatives (prop donne info supp) after perhaps/maybe/so
1.3.1 He he comes	voila qu'il arrive
1.3.2 she asked me where the dog was	elle me demanda où était le chien
1.3.3 they never found the place where the treasure had been hidden	ils ne trouvèrent jamais l'endroit où avait été caché le trésor
1.3.4 perhaps he has missed his bus	peut-être a-t-il manqué son bus
1.3.4 i knew he'd get mad, so i didn't tell him anything	je savais qu'il se facherait, aussi je ne lui ai rien dit.
1.5 D'autres types d'inversion quand l'accent est	on the complement the adverbial particle the subject a clause
1.5.1 Amad world it certainly is	c'est assurément un monde de fou mais inversion si = que ce monde soit fou, cela ne fait aucun doute
1.5.1 unhappy though i was, i did not show anything	meme si j'etais malheureux, je n'en montrai rien. ou Tout malheureux que j'étais, .... (inv)
1.5.2 away he starts once more on the adventure	le voila qui repart vers l'aventure
1.5.3 she's a good lass, is Mary	c'est une brave fille que Mary
1.5.4 (that he had fled the country) i now doubted very much	je doutais maintenant sérieusement (qu'il eut eut quitté le pays)
1.5.4 that he was going to be elected was obvious	il était évident qu'il allait être élu
1.6 lcase of elliptic sentences in english	verb-free sentences omission of to be in headlines omission of relatives pronouns (A.B.C.D) omission of personnal pronouns (subjects) non-repeated verbs phrases question tags omission in possesiv case
1.6.1 What an unbelievable story!	quelle histoire incroyable
1.6.2 Labour (was) denied fair say	le parti travailliste n'a pas eu voix au chapitrez
1.6.3 omission of relative pronouns	a) In defining clauses (pronoun = complement) b) Pronoun used with a preposition (placed at the end of the sentence) c) After There is… (pronoun = subject) d) Pronoun + be: passive voice in non-defining clauses (pronoun = subject)
1.6.3 A the book he gave me is fascinating (the book wich/that)	le livre qu'il m'a donné est fascinant
1.6.3.A the women (whom/that) we encountered is fascinating	la femme que nous avons rencontrée est fascinante
1.6.3.B the play (of) which)) you spoke( of)	la pièce dont tu m'a parlé
1.6.3.B the women (of) whom)) you spoke (of)	La femme dont tu as parlé
1.6.3.C there's a job wants doing	voila un travail qui a besoin d'être fait
1.6.3.D the man, eventually deemed innocent,spent ten years in jail	cet homme,dont on a finit par reconnaitre l'innocence,passadix années en prison.
1.6.4 L: I thought him very peculiar. Never left his cabin all day… Giggling a lot, too. (informal) = He never left his cabin / He was giggling	e le trouvais très étrange. Il ne quittait jamais sa cabine dans la journée… Il pouffait beaucoup, aussi
1.6.5.He was told what the possibilities were and left to make up his mind. = … and he was left to… ≠ … and he left to…	On l’informa des possibilités et on le laissa se décider. ≠ … et il partit…
1.6.5 If the engine doesn’t work, we’ll make it. • = we’ll make it work	Si le moteur ne marche pas , nous le ferrons fonctionner ≠ nous en fabriquerons en
1.6.5 : I had no time to ask whether he still meant to come and thought about what we’d discussed. = (1) … and whether he still thought… (2) … and I thought…	(1) … s’il avait l’intention de venir et s’il pensait toujours… (2) … et je réfléchis à…
1.6.6 He came on time, didn't he?	Il est arrivé à l'heure, n'est ce pas ? (confimation awaited)
1.6.6 He came on time, did he?	Il est donc arrivé à l'heure? (surprise)
1.6.6 He came on time. Or did he?	Il est donc arrivé à l'heure. ou est ce que je me trompe?
1.6.7	substantive mentioned before substantive metion later
1.6.7.A I love these old books. They’re my brother’s. = my brother’s old books	: J’adore ces vieux livres. Ce sont ceux de mon frère.
1.6.7.A : a picture of John Denning	un tableau de John Denning (le représentanr)
1.6.7.A a picture of John Denning's	un tableau de John Denning (lui appartenant)
1.6.7.B My sister’s was a charming neighbour. = My sister’s neighbour was charming.	Le voisin de ma sœur était charmant.
1.6.7.B : My sister was a charming neighbour.	Ma soeur était une voisine charmante
1.6.7.B John's and Peter's books	les livres de John et ceux de Peter (different books)
1.6.7.B John and Peter's books	Les livres de John et Peter (same books)
2 Syntactic juxtaposition	Simultaneity is clearer in English. We need to add somme pontuation to be explicit in French.
2 Sandhar had no hope of marrying her as he was born into a lower class	Sandhar, né dans une caste inférieure, n'avait aucun espoir de l'épouser.
2• ENGL: Ben was drilling holes while Paul and David were knocking in nails.	• FR: Ben perçait des trous, Paul et David enfonçaient des clous.
2• ENGL: This sum of money is to cover various costs such as travel, accommodation or food	Cette somme d'argent est destinée à couvrir divers frais : voyage, logement ou rourriture.
2.1 English Coordination vs Juxtaposition in French	Two clauses related by a coordination conjunction in English is represented in Frzench by the use of commas, subornative clause.
2.1 We were exhausted "and" soacked to the skin	On était épuisés, trempés jusqu'aux os.
2.1 He arrived at the office "and" was told he was fired.	Il arriva au bureau" pour s'entendre" dire qu'il était viré
2.1 He took a notebook and handled it to me.	Il sortit un carnet "qu'il me tendit".
2.1• ENGL: Vladimir arrived in 1924 and bought his first shop shortly afterwards.	• FR: Arrivé en 1924, Vladimir acheta son 1er magasin peu après.
2.1• ENGL: He was introduced to a young, pretty, and clever-looking woman.	• FR: On lui présenta une femme jeune, jolie, l’air intelligente
2.2 other syntactic feature	2.2.1 new piece of information 2.2.2 resultative constructions
2.2.1 New pieces of information at the beginning in English	New pieces of information at the end in French
2.2.1 "New sports facilities" are being built.	on construit de "nouvelles installations sportives"
2.2.1 Ginger was his enemy and arch rival in love	Son ennemi et grand rival en amour : Le rouquin
2.2.1 • ENGL: When John felt hungry, he opened the fridge.	• FR: Quand il eut faim, John ouvrit le frigo.
2.2.2 Opposite syntactic order in english Consequences / result then cause/means	Opposite syntactic order in French cause/means then consequences/result ! !!!!!ordre Anglais maintenu si utilise (jusqu'à, au point de , .....)!!!!!!
2.2.2. Opposit syntactic order English vs French	a involving adjectives b involving prepositional group
2.2.2.A The dog licked(mean) the plate clean (result)	Le chien nettoya (result) l'assiette à coup de langue (means)
2.2.2.A but The dog licked the clean plate. Not resultative since already clean.	Le chien lecha l'assiette propre
2.2.2.A I had to jerk(mean) my arm free (result)	Je dus dégager (result) mon bras d'une secousse (means)
2.2.2.A but I had to jerk my free arm Not resultative since arm already free.	Je dus dégager mon bras libre
2.2.2.A she worked(cause) herself ill (csq)	elle s'est rendue malade (csq) à force de travailler(cause)
2.2.2.A She talked/rocked (means) the child asleep(result)	Elle parla à l'enfant (means) "jusqu'à" ce qu'il s'endorme(result). !!!!!!
2.2.2.A They saw him asleep. Not resultative	Ils le virent dormir
2.2.2.A The box broke (mean) open (result)	La boite se cassa "au point de" s'ouvrir !!!!!
2.2.2.B He groped (means) his way into the room (result)	Il entra dans la pièce (result) à tatons (means)
Parfait 👍 Voici un texte suivi, propre et prêt à exporter (copier-coller dans Word / PDF / ENT) avec termes + définitions, présenté simplement
--- ## Partial and Strict False Friends (English–French) ### Strict false friends Actual / Actually	réel, en fait (et non actuel)
Affluence	richesse, abondance (et non influence)
Agony / Agonizing	douleur intense, atroce
Allege	prétendre, affirmer sans preuve
Attend	s’occuper de, assister quelqu’un (et non attendre)
Candour / Candid	franchise, honnêteté
Commend / Commendable	louer, digne d’éloges
Commodity	produit, denrée (souvent rare ou précieuse)
Deception	tromperie, mensonge
Deter	décourager, dissuader
Emphasis	accent mis sur quelque chose
Eventually	finalement, à la longue
Fastidious	très exigeant, minutieux
Genially	cordialement, chaleureusement
Grief	chagrin profond, deuil
Ingenious / Ingenuity	ingénieux / ingéniosité
Lecture	cours magistral, conférence
--- ### Partial false friends Abuse	abus, usage excessif / insulte (selon le contexte)
Act	acte, action / loi officielle
Anxiety / Anxious	anxiété, angoisse / anxieux
Argument / Argue	argument / se disputer, débattre
Arts	arts, lettres et sciences humaines
Assume	supposer / assumer une responsabilité
Civil	poli, courtois / civil
Clerical	clérical / administratif, de bureau
Comfort	confort / réconfort
Concern / Concerned	inquiétude / concerné, inquiet
Conductor	chef d’orchestre / conducteur (électricité)
Consequence	conséquence / importance
Contemplate	contempler / envisager
Conviction	conviction / condamnation (juridique)
Dispose (of)	disposer de quelque chose
Facility	facilité / installation, infrastructure
Figure	chiffre / silhouette, personnage
Forge	forger / falsifier

Linguistique contras

False friend

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