balance of probabilities

civil standard of proof where the court decides which version of events is more likely to be true .

obligation of a party to prove its case; in criminal law this lies on the Crown, usually beyond a reasonable doubt .

written record of who had control of evidence from the time it was obtained to its use in court .

the right of Crown or defence to exclude a potential juror for a specific reason .

evidence used to show that a person is or is not the type who would commit a certain offence .

the judge’s explanation to jurors of the law and how it applies to the case before them .

circumstantial evidence

indirect evidence from which a fact can be reasonably inferred .

the reference heading of a legal case or statute .

court official who assists the judge with paperwork and case management .

a court with authority to review decisions of lower courts for errors of law .

official who records everything said in court during a trial .

court security officer

official responsible for maintaining security in the courtroom .

a claim made between parties on the same side of a civil lawsuit .

questioning of a witness by the opposing party to test the accuracy of testimony .

visitation terms for a non‑custodial parent as set by the court .

testimony by a witness about facts they personally observed .

first questioning of a witness by the party who called them .

examination for discovery

pre‑trial questioning and disclosure of evidence by both sides in a civil case .

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Procedures

Procedure, courts, and evidence

Question	Answer
balance of probabilities	civil standard of proof where the court decides which version of events is more likely to be true .
burden of proof	obligation of a party to prove its case; in criminal law this lies on the Crown, usually beyond a reasonable doubt .
chain of custody	written record of who had control of evidence from the time it was obtained to its use in court .
challenge for cause	the right of Crown or defence to exclude a potential juror for a specific reason .
character evidence	evidence used to show that a person is or is not the type who would commit a certain offence .
charge to the jury	the judge’s explanation to jurors of the law and how it applies to the case before them .
circumstantial evidence	indirect evidence from which a fact can be reasonably inferred .
citation	the reference heading of a legal case or statute .
court clerk	court official who assists the judge with paperwork and case management .
court of appeal	a court with authority to review decisions of lower courts for errors of law .
court reporter	official who records everything said in court during a trial .
court security officer	official responsible for maintaining security in the courtroom .
cross‑claim	a claim made between parties on the same side of a civil lawsuit .
cross‑examination	questioning of a witness by the opposing party to test the accuracy of testimony .
defined access	visitation terms for a non‑custodial parent as set by the court .
direct evidence	testimony by a witness about facts they personally observed .
direct examination	first questioning of a witness by the party who called them .
examination for discovery	pre‑trial questioning and disclosure of evidence by both sides in a civil case .

Created by: user-2012947

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