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NAC1O1 Exam (FNMI)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define stereotype | A narrative or generalization about a certain group of people that is often negative and untrue. Comes from media and peers. |
| Define racism | Prejudice against a group on the basis of race. |
| Politically correct terms and meanings? (4+1+1) | First Nations, Indigenous, Aboriginal, Native: belonged to a certain place since the beginning of time. Inuit: Natives from northern Canada; means “the people” Metis: mixed Indigenous and non Indigenous, usually French |
| Politically incorrect terms and meanings? | Eskimo: eater of raw flesh Indian: given by Columbus who thought he was in India. Rooted in hate and represents physical and cultural genocide |
| Name 5 inventions of Natives | Canoe, kayak, darts, snow goggles, snow shoes, etc |
| Nicknames of all 6 native groups? | Pacific Coast: fishermen. Plateau: mountain people. Plains: hunters. Eastern Woodland: farmers. Subarctic: forest people. Inuit: sea people. |
| How many people does a dugout canoe fit? | 50-60 |
| Eastern Woodland people lived in longhouses. How many families and people fit in there? | 8-10 families, 60-80 people. |
| Which group invented the first basement and why? | Plateau: to prevent food spoiling. |
| Which First Nations group out of 6 relied on the buffalo a lot? | Plains |
| How many can a buffalo feed? | 90 |
| Which group out of 6 relied heavily on moose? | Subarctic |
| Which group out of 6 relied on seal a lot? | Inuit |
| Define potlatch. What years was it banned for? | A sacred Indigenous gathering held for births, marriages, and funerals. Similar to a potluck. The more the host gives, the more respect earned in the community. Banned from 1884-1950s |
| Define Pow wow. | A sacred Indgienous gathering held in an arena or outdoors that involved dance, music, food, contests, and regalia. Behind with a grand entry parade. |
| Heartbeat versus honour beat? | The drum is the heartbeat of the pow wow. Honour beats are loud beats, and people should stand still and show respect during them |
| 3 types of pow wow dances? | Jingle, Fancy, Grass |
| Define sweat lodge ceremony | A sacred Indigenous cleansing ceremony held in a hot, dark, wigwam. People sit in a circle and talk using a talking stick that is passed around. 3 hours long. |
| What is smudging? | When sacred grass is burnt and the smoke is spread. Cleansing. |
| Purpose of a food ceremony? | To show gratitude to the animals after a successful hunt. |
| Define birth ceremony | A specially trained Grandmother delivers the babt. The Grandmother may recieve the spirit name of the chikd. A piece of the umbilical cord is kept and the placenta is returned to Mother Earth |
| Define naming ceremony | An offering of tobacco is made to an Elder by people seeking to know their Spirit Name (how spirits recognize them) and their Clan (tells their purpose) |
| Define berry fast | A rite of passage for when a girl gets her first period. She fasts from berries for one year, sacrificing sweetness to be a responsible woman. During this time, she learns teachings to help her have healthy children. Year ends with a feast and giveaway. |
| Define vision seeking | Done by young men who go into the nature alone for a few days without food or water. Done for praying and guidance, and ubder Elder supervision. Fast ends with sweat lodge, feast, and giveaway |
| Define wedding ceremony | Ceremony makes the union of two people official. A marriage blanket is present like a marriage certificate, which will be destroyed if the marriage fails. |
| Define funeral ceremony | A Sacred Fire is burned for at least 4 days, which lights the path for the person's Spirit to find the next world. Hair is cut or umbrushed to mourn. Within a year, a feast and giveaway is held. |
| sacred grasses and animals? | Tobacco, cedar, sage, sweetgrass. Moose, bear, eagle, buffalo. |
| How many residential schools in Canada? Hoe many students total? Ages of students? | 150. 150,000. 3-16 |
| Lasting impact of residential schools? | High rates of suicide and substance use |
| Define colonization | Taking land with the motive of religion spread, power, money, and resource gain |
| Define ethnocentrism and assimilation | Ethocentrism: belief that one ethnicity is superior over another Assimation: Making one group similar to another, often through cultural erasure |
| How many Natives died from first contact disease (percentage) | 80-90% |
| 4 names of priests. | Father, Jesuit, missionary, black robe |
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