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AP Psych Intelligenc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Intelligence | the ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| Chrle's Spearman's G factor | -says that a single general intelligence (G factor) influences performance across all cognitive tasks and abilities. -says that high performance in one area correlates with high performance in another |
| Mental Age | A measure of intelligence that compares an individual’s test performance to the average performance of people at a specific age. -Ex: A 10-year-old who performs at the level of an average 12-year-old on an intelligence test has a mental age of 12. |
| Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory | -a theory that proposed that we have 3 types of intelligence: Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence |
| Analytical intelligence | -intelligence that relates to academic problem solving -measured by performance on single answer tests |
| Creative intelligence | -intelligence demonstrated by the ability to create novel (unique) ideas and adapt to new situations |
| Practical intelligence | -The ability to solve daily problems in your life and overall function in your enviroment |
| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) | A score of intelligence that is calculated by dividing mental age by their actual age and multiplying by 100. -Formula: IQ = (Mental Age ÷ Chronological [actual] Age) × 100 |
| Standardized | -when a test is administered and scored in the same manner for all test takers allowing for comparisons of individuals to the group scores -the test is pre taken before given out -Ex: an intelligence test is given to students under the same conditions |
| Valid (validity) | the measure of how accurate a test predicts actually data Ex: Construct Validity and Predictive Validity |
| Construct Validity | The extent to which a test actually measures the psychological concept (construct) it claims to measure -Ex: An intelligence test has construct validity if it genuinely measures intelligence |
| Predictive Validity | A measure of how well a test is able to predict a behavior -the lower the range of predicted values the less valid the prediction |
| Reliability | -the measure of how consistent a test's results are -the more consistent the results of a test are, the more reliable the test is |
| Test-Retest Method (reliability method) | -measures the reliability of giving the same test to the same group at different times -this is done to asses the consistency of test scores over time and helps ensure that test is reliable |
| Split-Half Method (reliability method) | Measures test reliability by dividing a single test into two equal halves and correlating the scores to assess consistency Ex:Comparing scores on odd-numbered vs. even-numbered questions to assess internal consistency. |
| Stereotype Threat | a decrease in performance that occurs when individuals fear confirming a negative stereotype -Ex:A female student performs worse on a difficult math test after being reminded of the stereotype that women are bad at math. |
| Stereotype lift | -an increase in performance that occurs when individuals are aware of a negative stereotype of another group -A male student performs better on the same math test after being told that another group typically performs worse, boosting his confidence. |
| Flynn Effect | the trend of long term increase in average IQ across many generations - occurs as a result of environmental changes like better education and nutrition, |
| Intra-group variability | the difference of tests scores among individuals within the same group -indicates how consistent data points are in a certain group Ex:Comparing the average test scores of children within a single classroom, that are of the same age |
| Inter-group variability | -Differences of test scores between scores of two different groups of people -Comparing the average test scores of two different age groups (kids vs. adults) to examine differences between groups. |
| Achievement test | - A test that asses material that a person was learned -Ex: Being given a Ap psychology test on previously learned material during the school year |
| Aptitude Test: | Measures a person’s potential to learn or perform in the future. Example: A problem-solving test using unfamiliar tasks to predict how well someone could learn a new skill. |
| Fixed mindset | -the belief that intelligence and abilities cannot be developed -causes individuals to avoid challenges and to give up |
| Growth mindset | -the belief that intelligence and abilities acan be developed through effort -causes greater motivation and resilience to challenging moments in one's life |
| Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory | says that intelligence is not a single general ability but a collection of independent intelligences, that relate to different areas of learning. -consists of over 7 types of intelligence Ex: Bodily-Kinesthetic and Interpersonal intelligence |
| Interpersonal intelligence | -measure of ones ability to understand others and have social awareness |
| Bodily-Kinesthetic | -measure of ones ability control of body movements and physical skill |
| How does cultural influence the definition of intelligence? | Different cultures have varying definitions of intelligence and value different types of intelligence. |
| Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, | - the test used to measure a person's IQ -Measures general intelligence (g) through verbal & nonverbal tasks. -used for identifying intellectual disabilities or giftedness in children and or adults |
| Linguistic intelligence | the ability to use words effectively, both spoken and written, to express ideas |
| Spatial intelligence | the ability to visualize and understand objects and spaces in your mind |
| Why did Robert Sternberg's critique traditional intelligence tests like the Stanford -Binet Test | they only measure analytical intelligence while neglecting practical and creative abilities |
| factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test -used to identify different areas of performance that make up one's total score |
| Intrapersonal intelligence | the ability to understand your emotions, thoughts, motivations (etc) |
| Predictive Validity | The extent to which a test accurately predicts future behavior or performance. -An SAT score predicting college GPA demonstrates predictive validity. |
| Savant syndrome | -a condition in which people with significant disabilities (like autisms) have exceptional specific abilities in specific area like math arts or music -Ex: An individual with intellectual disabilities who can instantly calculate complex calendar dates |
| Norms (in terms of test scores) | Established performance standards based on large samples that allow an individual’s test score to be interpreted and compared to others. -Make scores meaningful (say if a score is above or below average) |
| Linguistic Intelligence | -The ability to use language effectively for reading, writing, speaking, and understanding words -one of the intelligences in Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory. |
| Spatial Intelligence | -The ability to mentally visualize, manipulate, and understand space - Ex: interpreting maps, images, and designs - part of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory. |
| Naturalistic Intelligence | The ability to recognize, categorize, and understand elements of the natural world (plants, animals, environments) -included in Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory. |
| Why was Intelligence Quotient (IQ) initially developed? | -Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests were originally developed to identify children who needed special educational support, -Intended to help schools to assist students who were struggling |
| What is the average IQ? | 100 |
| What IQ indicates intellectual disabilities? | 70 or less |
| WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) | Wais is the most widely used intelligence test for adults -includes verbal and non verbal (performance) subjects |
| WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) | WISC is the most widely used intelligence test for children -includes verbal and non verbal (performance) subjects |
| Chronological age | how old an individual actually is |
Created by:
KenechukwuIE