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hazard and risk
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a hazard | A hazard is any source with a potential to cause harm. |
| What is an SOE (Safe Operating Envelope) | defines strict boundaries for safe process operation, predefined limits within a plant, process or equipment can operate safely, efficiently within environmental regulations. |
| an SOE is defined by? | Specific, measurable parameters that must be constantly monitored. |
| SOE are based on critical process variables such as: | Pressure Temperature Flow rate Chemical composition Level |
| SOE pressure | Too high can cause rupture, too low can cause collapse or vacuum issues. |
| SOE Temperature | Excess heat can degrade materials or trigger unwanted reactions- too cold solidify fluid or embrittlement. |
| SOE flow rate | Incorrect flow can lead to overflow, run dry scenarios, or ineffective reactions |
| SOE chemicals composition | the concentration of ingredients must be controlled to prevent unstable or explosive mixtures |
| SOE | For tanks and vessels, maintaining the correct fill level is paramount to prevent overfill or pump damage |
| SOE multilayer process involves? | Robust monitoring systems Clear operating procedures Regular maintenance and checks Comprehensive training |
| example of robust monitor systems | using accurate, calibrated instruments and control systems(DCS) distributed control system. provide real time data and alarms |
| example of clear operating systems | Documented instructions that define normal operating limits, as well as safe start upand shutdown procedures. |
| example of regular maintenance & checkups | adhering to strict schedules for equipment inspection, testing and calibration of safety critical devices. |
| example of comprehensive training | ensure all persons are trained ti understand toe SOE, recognise early signs of deviation and know exactly how to respond. |
| what do SOPs provide guidance for? | normal running, start up, shutdown, and emergency respone |
| what do SOPs directly prevent | accidents, protect personnel, safeguard environment and ensure process control |
| SOPs show compliance for what? | legal and regulatory requirements including COMAH (Control of Major Accident Hazards) regs in UK |
| Role of the SIS Safety Instrumented System | autonomous layer of protection designed to act when a manual intervention is too slow. Continuous monitoring such as temps, pressure or flow. |
| Types of Operating procedures | Normal Operating Procedure Start-up/Shutdown Procedures Emergency Procedure Isolation and permit to work. |
| Normal operating procedure | day to day, routine instructions for a process or standard condition, foundation of consistent and efficient production |
| startup shutdown procedures | specific, often complex, sequences for safety brining equipment online or taking out of service. high risk and meticulous guidance |
| Emergency procedures | playbook for responding to failure, leaks, fires or hazardous events. to protect life, environment and assets using clear, immediate actions. SIS often initiates |
| isolation and permit to work | critical for safe maintenance. guideline for physically isolating energy sources(lockout-tagout) and controlling authorisation for non routine tasks through formal permits systems |
| what does COMAH schedule 4 require? | retention of safety reports and design records |
| HSG254 definition | UK health and safety executives guide on process safety performance indicators, helping companies monitor and improve safety standards |
| COMAH Control of Major Accident Hazards 2015 definition | UK regs requiring high risk industries to prevent and mitigate major accidents (leaks,explosions) mandates continuous safety improvements through benchmarking |
| best practice | a structured approach used by companies like INEOS to compare safety performance against best practices. helps ID gaps and adopt proven safety strategies |
| chemical industries association CIA forums definition | A UK forum where companies share safety benchmarking data and best practices |
| internal reports and records of process safety management are | inspection, audit and investigation reports identifying areas of improvement and ensuring compliance |
| external regulatory guidelines | regulatory standards like EU HSE, OSHA and ILO combined with manufacturing data from EEF and CIA provide essential safety benchmarks |
| professional bodies and standards | orgs like IChemE and Energy Institute offer best practice and tech guidelines. international, european and british standards enhance safety measures |
Created by:
krav